【作者】 盛莉萍；

【导师】 屈雅君；

【作者基本信息】 陕西师范大学 ， 文艺学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 传统的性别观念是在生物决定论和二元体系的基础上得以建立和巩固的。社会性别理论从社会建构性别的立场出发,对传统的性别观念展开了批判。社会性别研究者认为,大众媒介领域仍然是非常明显的男性优势领域,大众媒介与社会观念和事实密切相关的现状,支持、加剧并再现了等级社会文化中的社会性别的分离以及对女性的性别偏见。在中国以1995年世妇会的召开为契机,媒介与女性的研究开始得到发展,但无论从研究总量还是研究深度而言还是相当有限,研究成果也很单薄,且未能形成体系。女性与媒介的关系在新闻传播学与女性研究领域仍属于边缘性课题。本文从社会性别的视角和立场出发,以理论和文本分析相结合为原则,揭示出大众媒介在建构传统的性别观念中所起的作用,并尝试寻找一种解构其意识形态力量的方式,以期使研究结果能促进学术界对性别与媒介研究的关注与发展。 本文主体分为三个部分进行探讨: 一、性别与大众媒介的关系。这部分介绍了社会性别理论的主要观点以及媒介与性别的关系问题。关于第一个方面:社会性别理论。首先从英文原词“sex”与“gender”来区分生理性别与社会性别的概念,从而瓦解了二元对立的根源——生物决定论,揭示了女性受压迫的理论基础。女性主义以此为分析范畴,质疑社会各个领域对女性的假定和偏见,对传统的意识形态观念展开了批判和挑战。关于第二个方面:媒介与性别的关系。通过传播学对媒介的定义指出其重要的社会影响力和建构力,而媒介传达的两性形象暴露出其建构方式和话语权力存在鼓励女性默认父权制社会中从属地位的本质。大众媒介在文化体制的运作中扮演了主流意识形态的工具之角色。 二、大众媒介对女性性别身份的建构。这部分主要从女性在媒介中的形象显现——“被歪曲”以及女性在媒介中的权力地位——“被窥视”两个方面来论述。关于第一个方面,本文主要从阿尔都塞的意识形态理论出发,指出大众媒介是意识形态再现权力关系的重要渠道,大众媒介正是通过一系列歪曲的再现而把女性“象征性歼灭”。具体可以从媒介对女性的忽视现象、刻板印象和歧视现象中表现出来。关于第二个方面,本文主要以福柯的权力话语理论为基础,揭示出大众媒介传播的两性话语受制于父权制意识形态结构,它通常是以规范的男性取向和眼光为标准,女人处于“被看”的客体化地位。这在大众媒介的主要形式电影、电视、广告中有着具体的体现。更多还原

【Abstract】 The traditional ideas on gender was built and consolidated on the basis of living beings determinism and duality system. Starting from the stand of society’s constructing gender, the gender theory put forward criticism on the traditional ideas. Gender researchers consider that it is still the male field who obviously occupies the mass media field and it is the actualities that the mass media is always closely related to social ideas and facts that support, aggravate and reproduce the separation of social gender and the prejudice to the female in the social estate culture. In China, beginning with the World Women Conference in 1995, the researches about media and gender develop. However, the total amount or the depth of such researches is quite limited, and the results are too weak to form a system. The study on the relationship between female and media still belongs to the frontiers in the journalism and communication field or in the female studies. From the aspect of social gender standpoint, this paper will reveal the roles which the mass media plays in constructing the traditional ideas on gender with the principle of combing theory and text analysis. Moreover, it will try to seek a way to deconstruct the power of ideology with the expectation that the results of this study may promote and develop concern for gender and media in the academia.The body will be divided into three parts:I The relation between gender and the mass media.In this section, the paper introduces the main views about the gender theory and the relation between media and gender. As to the gender theory, it will distinguish the concepts of sex and gender from the English original words "sex "and "gender", thereby disintegrating the root of duality antitheses-biological determinism and revealing the theoretical foundation of women oppression. Taking it as the analyzing category, Feminism queries the hypothesis and prejudice to women in each field and wages the criticism and challenges to the traditional ideology. As to the relation between media and gender, it will point out the important influence and constructing power in society through the definition of media. The both sexes images appearing in the media expose the essence that the constructing way and words power encourage women to acquiesce subordinate in the patriarchy society. The mass media turns out to be a tool of the main ideology in the operation of cultural system.II Construction of female gender identity in the mass media. This part discussestwo points. The first is "being distorted", which means the female’s images appearing in media. The second is "being spied", which describes the female’s power status in media. The former begins with the Althusser’s ideology theory and indicates the mass media is an important channel of ideology’s reproducing the relation power, which means through a series of distorted reappearances the mass media annihilates women symbolically. It can be particularly represented by the phenomenon of media’s neglecting and discriminating women or other stiff impressions. Based on Foucault’s theory on power words, the latter exposes that the both sexes words in the mass media are limited by the patriarchy ideology structure and usually standardized by the normative male orientation and eyes with the result that the female is in the object position-"being seen". In the main forms of the mass media such as movies, televisions and advertisements, that has been represented specially.III The female’s resistance and subversion to gender identity. This part will be elaborated from three respects: Firstly, the possibility of the female’s resistance. Based on the Gelansy’s hegemony theory, this part shows it is contradictions and struggles that are the essential ways of the ideology’s existing. The mass media is such a position as includes differences, contradictions and struggles, among which there is concern about women’s status and introspection of the traditional ideas on gender. Particularly, various attention paid by the women’s programs in the national mass media c更多还原