【作者】 马宇；

【导师】 胡安顺； 王辉；

【作者基本信息】 陕西师范大学 ， 汉语言文字学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 许慎的《说文解字》是我国第一部分析字形、说解字义、辩别读音的字典。自它问世以来,研究者甚众。尤其在清代,“说文”学的研究蔚为大观。清人研究《说文解字》的一个角度即是对字义的疏证、字形的辨析。俞樾的《儿笘录》就属于这一类。俞氏选取了《说文》中96个字,对许书原来的字义训释、字形分析及部属归并等有所驳斥,并提出了自己的见解。它丰富了清代从形义方面对《说文》所进行的研究。 由于俞樾语言学方面的成就主要集中在训诂学,后人对他在文字学方面的成绩研究极少,对他这本唯一论文字的专书《儿笘录》研究也很少,他的文字观和文字学方面成绩常被忽视。其实正因为他是一代经学大师,是注重经学研究的,他对文字是非常重视的。本文在前人研究的基础上,辩析考证全书字条,目的在于客观评析该书的得失,探讨俞氏的文字观,希望能给清代“说文”学的研究作一点补充,尤其希望能对俞樾学术成就的研究提供一些参考。 首先在通读全书的基础上,我收集了《儿笘录》论说的96字的相关资料,然后运用所学文字学方面的知识对俞氏的观点进行分析、考证、归纳总结,并简略分析了他论说正确和错误的原因。 本文主要有三个部分: 第一部分是对全书字条选评。俞氏共说解了96个字,本文选取了其中能体现他文字观的86字来进行评析。第二部分把所选评的字条归纳得四类:论字本义类、求本字类、证两者同字或非一字类、其他。其中论字本义者共40条,论说正确者11条,错误者20条,阙疑者9条。他论说本义正确的原因有:找准了据以分析的字形,能自觉运用系统的观点来看待和考证文字,熟悉群经用字,博引书证等;他错误的原因有:思想上的保守而不采用金石文字,眼光局限于小篆,而小篆字形又多有讹变,又常滥用“声近义通”的原则,过于武断等等。求本字者有9条,正确者4,错误者5。正确求得的原因在于他抓住了体现本义的字形构件入手,错误的原因是没有根据本义来求本字和主观臆测字形。证同字或不是一字的字条共22条,其中11个说解正确,是由于他把握了“义近形旁”可互换的原则,而10个字条错误则因他分析字形时主观性太强,1个阙疑。第三部分从《儿笘录》对文字的分析总结了俞樾的文字观有:他尊重许慎和《说文解字》,甚至发展为盲目维护许慎和《说文解字》的声誉。他对文字的态度是传统的,保守的,尤其对待俗字的态度是不公正的、消极的,也是矛盾的。他对汉字的形体给予了较多的关注,尤其注重对义通形近偏旁的分析,关注后起加旁字,但对汉字构形区别性特征认更多还原

【Abstract】 SHUO WEN JIE ZI (shortened as SHUO WEN in the following part) composed by Xu Shen in East Dynasty is the first dictionary in China, which inquired into the meaning of Chinese characters through their shapes and told the differences of pronunciation among the characters. Since its accomplishments, most scholars have researched much of which content later, especially in Qing Dynasty, the research on SHUO WEN was in top form. The research on SHUO WEN is concerning different scopes: one of them is the meaning’s explanation of the characters, just like ER SHAN LU .Yu Yue chose 96 characters from SHUO WEN and expressed his new views, which were different from Xu Shen’s. This book made contributions to the research on SHUO WEN in Qing Dynasty.Many scholars paid much attention to Yu Yue’s accomplishments on study of Confucian classics, while few people concentrated on this book of his. Up to now no person has studied this work. As a linguist, Yu Yue devoted himself to studying the characters in ancient books. My intention, in this thesis, on the basis of the former researchers, through specially analyzing the involved characters in ER SHAN LU, to probe into both the advantages and disadvantages of ER SHAN LU, to bring forth Yu Yue’s view about Chinese character, and to hope to pay some efforts for the research of SHUO WEN in Qing Dynasty, especially to make some efforts for the comprehensive evaluation of Yu Yue’s achievements.At first this book being read carefully, all concerning data are collected. Then the knowledge from ancient character and phonology is employed to induce and evaluate Yu Yue’s views in the book correctly as much as possible.This thesis consists of three parts:Part One is commenting on the characters in the book. Yu Yue didn’t agree with Xu Shen and put forward his new views. On the basis of detailed data, that what he said is right or wrong has been mentioned in the thesis. Part Two is concluding all the characters. All the characters in the book are divided into four groups: to remark the original meaning of the characters, to find the original shape, to testify the two characters with the same meaning or not, and others. At the same time, the reason why he got right points of view has been found. That is his finding the right shape; his attitude to the characters is systematically. And he . was familiar with the characters, which were used in ancient books. The reason why he made mistakes lies in his conventionality of thoughts, which forced him far away from the right way. He put his stress on Zhuan script. However the zhuan script, which he used as更多还原