【作者】 徐建国；

【导师】 田呈瑞；

【作者基本信息】 陕西师范大学 ， 食品科学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 桑椹（Mulberry）俗称桑枣、桑果、桑实、桑子,为桑科桑属植物桑（Morusalba L.）的成熟聚花果,桑树在全国大部分省、地区均有栽培。桑椹红色素是从桑椹中提取的一种花青素类色素,水溶性强,在碱溶液中呈蓝色,在酸溶液中呈深紫红色,且在酸性条件下可以稳定存在,具有补血、润脑、利肝、利尿、润便及抗氧化等作用。因此桑椹红色素作为天然色素,用于食品中,不但可以起到着色作用,而且具有一定的功能作用。 本试验以陕西安康的桑椹果渣为原料,研究了溶剂浸提法、微波萃取法及超声波提取桑椹红色素的最佳工艺;研究了LSA-21大孔吸附树脂纯化桑椹红色素的纯化工艺;并且研究了桑椹红色素的稳定性及其体外抗氧化作用。通过以上研究,为综合开发利用桑椹资源提供参考,同时也为桑椹红色素的开发利用提供依据。 主要试验结果如下: 1.溶剂浸提桑椹红色素的最佳工艺参数为含0.01%HCI的80%乙醇溶液为提取剂,提取时间1.0h,提取温度20℃,料液比1:20,一次提取,色素的提取率为93.07%。 2.微波萃取桑椹红色素的最佳工艺参数为含0.01%HCl的60%乙醇溶液为提取剂,微波火力中等（P-60）,提取时间30s,料液比1:15,二次提取,色素的提取率为95.83%。 3.超声波提取桑椹红色素的最佳工艺参数为含0.01%HCI的60%乙醇溶液为提取剂,提取功率200W,超声时间10min,料液比1:15,一次提取,色素的提取率为97.76%。 4.大孔吸附树脂LSA-21对桑椹红色素具有较好的吸附和解吸能力。其纯化桑椹红色素的最佳工艺参数为:吸附条件为上柱色素液的吸光度为0.425Abs,上柱速度3.5BV/h,pH值为1.57;蒸馏水洗脱的条件为水洗流速1.5BV/h,洗脱时间1.4h,用水量1.96BV;酸性乙醇洗脱的条件为洗脱剂为含0.01%HCI的80%的乙醇溶液,洗脱流速1.5BV/h,洗脱剂用量2.5BV。 5.桑椹红色素的稳定性试验表明:桑椹红色素对pH值、光、热、氧化剂和还原剂的稳定性较差;苯甲酸钠、山梨酸钾、葡萄糖及果糖使桑椹红色素的稳定性有所降低,但不明显;金属离子zn²⁺、Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺、Ba²⁺、Na⁺、K⁺对桑椹红色素稳定性影响不大;Al³⁺对桑椹红色素有很好的增色作用;Mn²⁺、Sn²⁺、Fe³⁺更多还原

【Abstract】 Mulberry is named mulberry Chinese date, mulberry fruit, mulberry seed. It is the ripe fruit of Moras alba L. Morus alba L are planted in most provinces and areas of China. Mulberry red pigment is a kind of anthocyanin pigment, which can dissolve in water. It shows blue in lye; It shows deep purple and can stably exist in the acidic conditions. It is reported that mulberry red pigment have various nutritional function .So mulberry red pigment as a kind of nature pigment not only act as a coloring agent but possess functional effect in some degree.The test used mulberry residue as material. The optimal parameters of extracting mulberry red pigment by solvent, microwave and ultrasonic wave, the purification parameters of pigment by LSA-21 macroporous resin, the stability and antioxidation in vitro of pigment have been studied in this paper. The above studies can provide references for application and exploration of mulberry resources.The main results showed:1. The optimal parameters of solvent extraction from mulberry residue were as following: solvent is 80% ethanol with 0.01% HCl, material/solvent ratio 1:20, extracting 1.0 h at 20℃, for one time. The extracting rate reached 93.07%.2. The optimal parameters by microwave extraction were as following: solvent is 60% ethanol with 0.01% HCl, microwave firepower medium, extracting 30s, material/solvent ratio 1:15, for two times. The extracting rate reached 95.83%.3. The optimal parameters by ultrasonic extraction were as following: solvent is 60% ethanol with 0.01% HCl, ultrasonic power 200W, extracting lOmin, material/solvent ratio 1:15, for one time. The extracting rate reached 97.76%.4. LSA-21 macroporous resin had good performance of adsorption ability and de-adsorption to mulberry red pigment. The optimal parameters of purification to mulberry red pigment were as following: the best adsorption conditions were concentration of feed 0.425Abs, feeding rate 3.5 BV/h and pH value 1.57; The best watering elution conditions were: elute rate 1.5BV/h, elute volume 1.96BV and eluting 1.4h; The best elution conditions were 80% alcohol, elute rate 1.0BV/h and alcohol volume 2.5BV.5. The stability test of mulberry red pigment showed: mulberry red pigment had inferior stability to pH, ray, heat, oxidizer and reducer; Antiseptic, glucose, fructose and Zn2+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Ba2+, Na+, K+ had little influence on stability of mulberry red更多还原