【作者】 曾弦；

【导师】 肖娅萍；

【作者基本信息】 陕西师范大学 ， 植物学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 植物与环境是相互作用不可分割的统一体,两者相互依赖,相互影响。环境因子对植物生长的影响是植物生理学中的一个热点。相对于电磁波、光、热、声波等环境因子,超声波对植物的生长、发育的研究起步较晚。研究发现超声波对植物生长发育中的许多生理生化过程都有明显的影响。 本文以地灵Stachys sieboldii Miq.组培苗为实验材料,通过不同时间及频率的超声处理,探讨地灵组培苗在超声处理后的生长变化情况。论文采用由表及里,由宏观到微观的观察方法,分别从植物个体水平、组织水平、细胞水平以及分子水平来上研究及探讨超声处理前后地灵组培苗在外部形态、显微结构、超微结构及基因水平上的变化,试图从不同水平揭示超声处理对植物诱变的机理。旨在从植物生理生化角度对超声在促进植物生长机理方面做一些有益的探索。目前取得的实验结果如下: 1 超声处理可以对地灵组培苗的外观形态造成一定的影响。超声处理还能够对植株细胞造成损伤。对超声处理后的地灵叶片进行愈伤组织的诱导,结果发现出现愈伤组织的时间比对照组提前,但在愈伤组织生长后期,愈伤组织的增殖没有明显变化。此外一定时间的超声处理,还可以促进植株腋芽的生长。超声具有复杂的生物学效应,从我们的实验结果看,一定时间范围和功率的超声处理可以促进某些植物的生长,使形成愈伤组织的时间提前。因此可以通过超声来处理某些采用愈伤组织获得次生代谢物的植物,以缩短实验周期。 2 超声处理地灵组培苗,能够引起地灵细胞亚显微结构的改变。短时间的处理可以使细胞发生质壁分离,并且对叶绿体、细胞核等细胞器形成轻微损伤;处理时间超过一定限度,则引起细胞膜破裂,细胞核严重变形,线粒体、叶绿体结构不完整,细胞受到较大程度的伤害。此外,超声处理可以影响地灵叶片表面气孔的开张程度。短时间的超声处理可以促进气孔的开张。 3 超声处理促进了细胞内相关酶的合成。地灵组培苗经超声处理后,由POD、CAT和SOD构成的保护酶系统的活性随处理时间的增加而增强,但达到一定的阈值后又出现不同程度的下降。保护酶系统可以消除植物组织中产生的自由基,避免其对植物细胞内的核酸和染色体产生危害,因此其活性的升高对植物的生长有重要意义。 4 超声处理使细胞的部分基因表达发生了变化,尤其是使基因表达量发生了改变。地灵组培苗经超声处理后,对其提取的过氧化物酶进行了聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电更多还原

【Abstract】 Plant and environment are dependent on each other. Now the effect of environmental factors on the growth of plant is one of the important researches in plant physiology. The research on the effect of ultrasound on the growth of plant, compared with the electromagnetic wave, light and heat, was studied lately. It has been found that ultrasound can greatly influence the growth and development of plant. In this thesis, Stachys sieboldii Miq.seedlings were cultured and the effect of ultrasonic treatment on their seedlings was explored.In this thesis, the exterior changes of ultrasonic treatment on the cultured S. sieboldii seedlings were primarily observed. To start with the variation of the macrostructure, we primarily discussed the mechanism at the organic, cellular and subcellular level, and then went deep into the molecular level to explore how ultrasound could influence the macrostructure, microstructure, ultrastructure and gene expression. We analyze the physiological and biochemical process of plant. The main contents and results of research in this thesis are as follows.1. The effect of ultrasonic treatment could damage cultured S. sieboldii seedlings in many aspects and induce mutation. The damage of mesophyll cell is one of them, we observed and found that the leaves callus formation time of ultrasound treatment groups was shortened comparing with the control ones. However, there was no apparent difference during the later growing period, which indicated that ultrasonic treatment, to some degree, could stimulate the ability of dedifferentiation. Moreover, ultrasound could accelerate the growth of axillary buds. Ultrasound has profound biological functions. From the results of this thesis, we found with certain intensity and frequency, ultrasound could accelerate the growth of some plants and shorten the callus formation time. So we could use ultrasound to treat some plants from which we could get secondary plant substance in order to shorten the experimental period.2. The effect of ultrasonic treatment on the cultured S. sieboldii seedlings could change their submicroscopic structure. If they are treated with relatively short period of time, plasmolysis happens, simultaneously some organelles such as chloroplast and nucleus can be destroyed. However if they are treated with relatively long period of time, cell membrane can be destroyed and nucleus can be seriously distorted. Moreover,更多还原