【作者】 张永明；

【导师】 金洪； 蓝登明；

【作者基本信息】 内蒙古农业大学 ， 植物学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 绵刺属我国二级重点保护濒危物种,本研究通过对荒漠化草原国家绵刺的分布范围、群落数量特征及生物多样性等方面进行了深入系统的调查观测,同时对绵刺种群的遗传多样性进行分析了研究,研究结果表明: 绵刺属强旱生植物,当土壤水分低于 1.20%时,则会出现生长不良,进入半休眠以至于完全休眠状态;当水分满足需求时,迅速发芽生长,并具有一年多次发芽生长和开花的习性;绵刺生境中土壤 pH 值范围在 8.47~9.15 之间,适应在微碱性土壤中生长。 筛选出 8 对 AFLP 引物对 8 个不同种群的绵刺基因组 DNA 进行扩增,得到大小在 65～530bp 之间的 397 条清晰显带,其中 286(72.04%)条呈多态性,平均每对引物得到 35.75 条多态性带;8 个种群平均遗传距离的范围在 0.0687～0.2019 之间,其中 4 号(高台县罗城乡黑山地区)和 8 号(民勤县西北部花儿园乡的红砂岗)这两个种群之间的遗传距离最小,为 0.0687,4 号(高台县罗城乡黑山地区)和 5 号(巴彦诺日公)两个种群之间的遗传距离最大,为 0.2019。说明不同种群间存在着的一定遗传分化;根据 Nei 指数估测的绵刺种内的总的遗传多样性平均为 0.1605,种群间的分化系数是 0.3189,表明有 31.89%的遗传变异存在种群间。 对 8 个种群的聚类分析表明,生长于相似生态条件或地理距离较近的绵刺种群具有优先聚类的趋势,其遗传多样性表现出十分明显的地域相关性和遗传类型趋同性,这说明不同的绵刺种群可能有共同的起源,随机遗传漂变和近交衰退并不是影响遗传多样性的主要因素。更多还原

【Abstract】 This study reports observations on the Pataninia Mongolica Maxim’s distribution range, habitat types and biological diversity etc. and carrying out analysis of P. Mongolica Maxim populations genetic diversity. The results were as follows: The range of the P. Mongolica Maxim in our country is main in the Inner Mongolia’s west and Gan Su’s centre. When its soil moisture less than 1.20%, the P. Mongolica Maxim grown badly and began to go into half dormancy and complete dormancy; While, it would germinate again and it can also sprout many times a year and bloomed When its moisture satisfied the needs of growth. The range of soil pH value to the P. Mongolica Maxim’s habitat is between 8.47 and 9.15, so it adapted to grow in micro-alkali soil. Eight pairs of AFLP primer were used to amplify 8 populations of P. Mongolica Maxim’s genome DNA, and 397 clear bandings can be gained between 65-530bp, in which 286 bands are pleiomorphy and average 35.75 pleiomorphy bandings were amplified in each line. The range of average genetic distance in 8 populations is between 0.0687-0.2019, among which the genetic distance between pop4 and pop8 is the shortest and genetic distance between pop4 and pop5 is longest. It means that there were some genetic different in the inter-populations. According to evaluate modulus of the Nei index number is 0.3189, that is, 3189% genetic variation was existed in the inter-populations The cluster analysis showed that P. Mongolica Maxim populations that growing under the similar ecological conditions or its geographic distance quite near, seems to be precedence clustered. Its genetic diversity showed very obvious region correlativity and genetic types convergent character , it demonstrated that different P. Mongolica Maxim populations may be originated from in common ,and random genetic drift and inbreeding depression is not the main course that affect genetic diversity.更多还原