【作者】 王晓丽；

【导师】 刘庸；

【作者基本信息】 内蒙古农业大学 ， 农业经济管理， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 黄河是地处干旱半干旱的河套灌区生存和发展的唯一水源,当前灌区水资源利用效率低下,1m~3水生产粮食不到 1 千克,毛灌溉定额在 600 m~3/亩左右.本文运用经济学理论,结合当地的生产实际从四个方面进行定性与定量的分析,提出利于水资源利用效率提高的节水措施。 利用河套节水示范区实验站采用非充分灌溉的方法得出原始数据作为依据,建立小麦的水分生产函数,测算出小麦的经济灌溉定额是 211/ m~3 亩,比充分灌溉节约 50 m~3水。 针对目前灌区都是大水漫灌,提出平地缩块,即平整土地缩小灌溉单元;施肥量也影响水资源利用率,施肥量与水资源利用效率呈抛物线趋势,即水资源利用效率随着水资源的投入上升,当上升到一定程度,施肥量再增加,又呈下降趋势。因此,从节水角度出发,结合生产实际,确定最佳施肥量。此外调整种植结构,根据比较效益理论,应压缩甜菜、小麦的面积,相应的扩大玉米、青饲料的种植面积。 在灌溉工程的建设上,由于灌区投入的约束,同时考虑到各级渠道的输水损失率,提出首先进行干渠渠道防渗,以避免大量水无效浪费。 利用最大化理论分析得出用水定额制度、可转让的水权制度以及按照用水量计算的水价制度是激励农田灌溉节水的有效机制。更多还原

【Abstract】 The Yellow River is the only source of water of Hetao irrigation district where located in half an arid area .At present, water-using efficiency is low. A cubic meter of water produces the grain that is less than 1 kilogram. Irrigation volume is about 600 cubic meter / mu. Based on the principle of economics and practical production,the paper analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively from four respects and put forward some water-saving measures to gain the result of increasing yield and saving water. Based on the observed data of an experiment without full irrigation, the author set up crop water production function. The result shows the precision irrigation of wheat is 211 cubic meter / mu. It economizes 50 cubic meter of water than full irrigation. The irrigation method is conventional flooding irrigation. The paper points out that level land and narrow the unit of irrigating. Fertilizer quantity influences water use efficiency, fertilizer quantity and WUE presents parabola trend, namely WUE must be risen as the input of water, to certain extent, the fertilizer amount increases again, WUE present the downward trend again. Therefore confirm the best fertilizer amount from water-saving angle. In addition, adjust the crop structure of the irrigation area. According to the comparative benefit theory, the author proposes that compress the area of the beet, wheat, enlarge the area of maize, green-feed correspondingly. On construction of irrigation engineering, because of input restraint, also, considering water loss rate of the canals at all levels, the paper proposes that carrying on the prevention of seepage control of trunk canal at first in order to prevent a large amount of water from wasting invalid. Based on the theory of maximizing profit, the paper shows that precision irrigation volume, transferable water right system and water price calculated according to water consumption is the effective mechanism of encouraging irrigation district to economize water. The author also put forward advice for farther research.更多还原