【作者】 夏勉；

【导师】 江光荣；

【作者基本信息】 华中师范大学 ， 发展与教育心理学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 尽管有很多人会遭受心理困扰,但是只有一小部分人寻求专业帮助。以往的研究考察了人口学变量、社会文化变量和一些心理变量对求助行为的影响。本研究将继续探讨心理因素——认知动机变量对求助行为的预测作用。 本研究的研究架构建立在江光荣(2004)提出的心理求助行为的阶段模型之上,这个模型包括三个阶段:对心理问题的知觉、自助性评估、他助性评估。本研究以临床样本为被试,考察在求助行为的第三个阶段,个体意识到自己有心理困扰,且不能有效解决时,不向专业人员求助的原因。被试包括已经向咨询员求助了的大学生和没有向咨询员求助的大学生。为了更好的解释求助行为,本研究构建了心理求助行为的认知动机模型,纳入了三个预测变量:心理问题的个人责任归因、作为心理咨询当事人的自我效能和心理求助行为的社会容认度,探讨这三个变量对求助行为的影响以及变量之间的作用机制。 研究结果如下: 1.责任归因中的可控性归因对求助行为有显著预测作用,即个体知觉到的造成自己心理困扰的原因越是可控的,就越倾向于不求助。可控性归因对求助行为的作用是直接作用,通过社会容认度和自我效能的中介效应对求助行为的影响不显著。可控性归因对求助行为解释的变异量是1.5%—2%。 2.心理求助行为的社会容认度对求助行为有显著的预测作用,即个体知觉到的心理求助行为的社会容认度越高,越倾向于求助。进一步的分析发现,社会容认度对求助行为有显著的直接效应,除此之外,通过自我效能对求助行为的中介效应也是显著的。总体来说,社会容认度对求助行为解释的变异量为6%—8%。 3.作为心理咨询当事人的自我效能对求助行为有显著的预测作用。个体知觉到的作为心理咨询当事人的自我效能越高,越倾向于求助。自我效能单独对求助行为解释的变异量达14.5%—19.2%。这说明作为心理咨询当事人的自我效能是影响求助行为的重要变量,同时是一个重要的中介变量。 4.用结构方程模型验证心理求助行为的认知动机模型,结果发现,社会容更多还原

【Abstract】 Everyone may have mental problems, but only a proportion of university students pursuing help from counseling services. The demographic, social cultural and psychological barriers to mental health services have been proposed to explain why this gap in mental health services exists. This paper will clarify and extend the examination of some cognitive motivation variables.The research builds in the three phase help-seeking model which was proposed by Jiang Gruangrong (2004). The tree phases include perceived mental problems, self-help evaluation and others-help evaluation. This project will examine the barriers to seeking help in the third phase. The subjects are the students who have perceived mental problem and can’t resolve by themselves including two groups seeking help and not seeking help. In order to explain the help-seeking behavior more exactly, the paper create a cognitive-motive model which include three variables .The three variables are responsibility attribution of mental problem ,efficacy of being counseling client, the perceived social accept of help-seeking.The results are the following:1. The control attribution of responsibility attribution have significantly influence on help-seeking behavior. If the students perceived the reasons resulting in mental problems can be controlled, he would like not pursuing help. The control attribution has direct influence on help-seeking behavior and the indirect effect through efficacy and social accept are not significant. The whole variance of the control attribution explained is 1.5%—2%.2. The perceived social accept of help-seeking have significantly effect on help-seeking behavior. If the student perceived high social accept, they will more inclined to pursuing help. The more analysis indicates the perceived social accept have significant indirect effect on help-seeking behavior through efficacy except direct effect. In sum, The whole variance of the perceived social accept explained is 6%-8%.3. The efficacy of being counseling client have significantly effect on help-seeking behavior. If the student perceived high efficacy, they will more更多还原