【作者】 周群；

【导师】 彭南生；

【作者基本信息】 华中师范大学 ， 中国近现代史， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 本文在以往学术界研究成果的基础上,力求尽量广泛地利用第一手资料(尤其是清末民初湖北的地方报刊、杂志、民国时期湖北的地方志以及大量实地调查资料),以马克思主义的世界观和方法论为指针,从国家发展与现代化的高度,从经济社会变迁的角度,把清末民初湖北农村的经济社会作为一个有机整体进行微观实证的个案研究,以求从中揭示近代中国农村问题的本质及其解决方法。 本文认为,要想完整而客观地研究“清末民初湖北农村经济社会的变更”这一课题,仅仅研究经济社会本身还不行,还必须研究政治文化等其它方面,研究它们之间的关系;仅仅使用一种理论方法或任何其它某一具体手段,都很难真实地认识把握乃至说明问题本身。因此,研究的维度必须是全景式和全方位的,视角必须是多维的,方法上要做到多学科交叉渗透。 本文除引论和结语外,共有四章。 第一章从地理环境与气候、水利与自然灾害、人口与耕地、交通运输等四个方面,阐述了清末民初湖北农村经济社会变迁赖以存在的自然生态环境;从外国资本主义势力的侵入及其影响的加深,分析了湖北农村经济社会变更的由来。 第二章认为,随着外国资本主义势力的侵入及其影响的不断加深,湖北自然经济逐渐解体,传统农业手工业急剧衰落,利源大量外溢。历届政府为发展湖北农村经济不同程度地作出了自己的努力,使湖北农村经济政策一定程度上保持了发展的延续性和一致性。清末民初,历届政府在湖北农村推行的政策措施包括张之洞督鄂时期的土地政策,以及湖北地方政府推行的一系列发展农业经济的新举措,如推广经济技术作物、改良农产,兴办农业学堂、发展农业教育与普及农业知识,创办农会、筹设农事机构、颁布兴农法令等,这些政策措施对湖北农村经济的发展起到了一定的推动作用。 第三章认为,随着新政改革,尤其是政府发展农村经济政策的推行,湖北农村社会经济结构已经开始从传统的以小农生产为中心的自然经济向近代商更多还原

【Abstract】 This text, on the base of a series of monograph, thesis with academic value published, try to use widely the first volumes and materials about Hubei, with the leader of Marxism, from the height of the development and modernization of our country, from the perspective of changes of economy and society, study macroscopicly the whole of changes of economy and society in rural areas in Hubei in late Qing Dynasty and early Ming Republic in order to disclose the essence of modern Chinese rural problem and find the methods of the solvement.This thesis thinks, to study the changes of economy and society in rural areas in Hubei in late Qing Dynasty and early Ming Republic wholly and truly, you must make use of more perspective, respects and methods, you cannot do your research only from economy and society themselves and must study politics and culture and relations between them.This thesis is divided into 4 chapters except for introduction and conclusion.The first chapter is divided into two parts. The first part is made up of four respects, at first it introduce geography environment and climate; secondly it introduce usefulness of water and disaster of nature; then it introduce the land and people; Finally it turn to transport. The second part analyzes the reasons of the changes of economy and society in rural areas from the invading of the foreign capitalism and the deepening of influence.The second chapter systematically investigates and expounds the policy and implementation of the government’s developing Hubei’s rural economy, including the policy of the land when Zhang Zhidong acted as governor and a series of new principles and policies implemented by Hubei’s local government such as spreading economic technical plants, improving the producing agriculture, setting up agricultural schools, developing the agricultural education, organizing structure about agriculture and issuing reward measures and warning disciplining in rural更多还原