【作者】 尹倩；

【导师】 黄华文；

【作者基本信息】 华中师范大学 ， 中国近现代史， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 抗战时期,以恩施为中心,包括恩施、襄阳、郧县等三十余县在内的鄂西后方是抗战时期国民政府战略大后方的重要组成部分。它是西南大后方的门户,具有极其重要的军事战略地位;同时,由于与沦陷区直接接壤,其经济政治形势也十分严峻。为此,湖北政府推行了以民生主义经济政策为主的一系列经济政策,维持经济秩序,发展地方经济,以保障人民日常生活,军队的物资供应,并且取得了一定的成绩。这一经济政策的推行有着鲜明的战时经济特征,也充分体现了抗战时期地方政府处理经济事务的能力。因此,对此政策的研究,不仅是我们进行抗战经济史和湖北抗战史研究的重要补充,也使我们可以借湖北这一个案,对抗战时期大后方地方政府的作用进行更深入的考察。 民生主义经济政策的出台,既来源于鄂西后方的现实需要与客观经济条件,也受当时的中央导向与社会舆论的影响。基于鄂西薄弱的经济基础和严峻的战争形势,湖北省政府在推动当地经济发展中起着主导作用,一方面努力改善经济环境,制定发展计划,进行政治改革,改善金融交通条件,另一方面全面推进工农业发展,同时构建战时供销网络,稳定商品价格,保证物资供应。 战时的湖北省政府作为地方政府,其执政权限、能力与绩效无不受着外部环境的各种制约,中央、后方邻省、沦陷区都无不影响着湖北省政府经济职能的行使及其成效。同时,省府对其能动的回应也不同程度的影响了后方邻省、沦陷区乃至整个大后方的经济形势。 湖北省政府根据鄂西后方的实际情况以及自身能力,在恶劣多变的时局和错综复杂的关系中,竭力在当地经济发展中发挥其作为一个地方政府的主导作用。虽然其推行的民生主义经济政策更接近于战时统制经济政策而不是孙中山所提出的“民生主义”理论,但其促进了鄂西后方的开发,推动了鄂西地区现代化的最初启动,也为湖北抗战乃至全国抗战作出了巨大的贡献。这一政策运行时存在的经验与不足也为以后的地方政府干预经济事务提供了借鉴。更多还原

【Abstract】 During the Anti-Japanese War Period, over 30 counties in Western Hubei, with Enshi as a core, made up of a crucial region in tactic anti-Japanese rear area: it was the doorway to rear area of south-western China, holding a critical military tactic position; at the same time, it bordered to Japan-occupied area, facing rigorous economy & politics pressure. According to these facts, Hubei authority implemented series of economy policies focusing on people’s livelihood to maintain the economy order, develop local economy, secure people’s livelihood and military material supply. The implementation which was successful to some extend, had significant wartime economic attributes and proved the local authorities competence on handling economy affairs during the war. So, the study on these policies, not only makes a necessary supplement to Anti-Japanese war economy history and Hubei history, but also deepens in local authorities’ function in rear areas.Economy policy of People’s livelihood resulted both from realistic demanding and objective conditions, and also from the Central Authorities guidance & social publicity. Regarding of the weak economy base of western Hubei and tough wartime situations, Hubei authority played a leading role in local economy development: they committed to on one hand, economic environment improvement, development strategy shape-up, politic reform, Finance & transportation conditions, on the other hand, pushed industry & agriculture forward, and established wartime demand-supply network to stabilize price, secure supplying.During the wartime, as a local government, Hubei authority was impacted更多还原