【作者】 钟小川；

【导师】 范先佐；

【作者基本信息】 华中师范大学 ， 教育经济与管理， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 研究生教育收费的双轨制模式(即所谓的公费自费并行模式),一定程度上解决了部分培养经费问题,满足了社会需要,因此最初运行平稳。从此意义上来说,双轨制促进了教育公平,主要体现为:符合受益者付费原则;使社会不同收入阶层之间教育资源分配更加公平;使公共教育资源在三级教育间的分配更合理等。 但随着自费生招生规模的扩大,双轨制也暴露出很多问题,在研究生教育领域表现出种种不公平的现象,比如培养单位如何确定自费生和公费生、其标准是否公平公正让人质疑;各培养单位对于自费研究生的收费数额差距较大,且确定收费标准的依据不透明;研究生通过入学考试被人为地划分为公费生和自费生,两者不能享受平等待遇,造成一系列问题;不利于减少由考研引致的“考试”机会成本等。总的来看,双轨制条件下教育不公平现象产生的根源有经济、政策、教育体制和运行体制以及社会意识等几方面的原因。 由此,本文认为研究生教育须实行全面收费。支持研究生教育实行收费的教育经济学基础是人力资本理论和成本分担理论。我国研究生教育发展的需要及经济体制转轨的客观需要构成了研究生教育实行全面收费的现实依据。收费的确能够缓解国家财政经费紧张的状况,但实行收费更重要的目的在于缓解教育的短期化行为、优化研究生教育管理体制、全面提高研究生教育的质量、促进教育公平。当然,对研究生教育实行全面收费后可能出现一些问题,但权衡利弊,只要收费配合以积极稳妥的资助政策,风险是可以规避的。最后就实施收费的办法提供了政策性建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 The double-orbit system of tuition charge on postgraduate education (that is a system under which scholars and commoners coexist), to some extent, has provided part of outlay for postgraduates’ cultivation, so at the beginning it runs in a smooth way since its capability of meeting the social demand. In this viewpoint, the double-orbit system of tuition charge has stimulative effects upon educational equity, mainly in three ways: firstly, it accord with the principle that he who gets benefit should pay; secondly, it makes the distribution of education resources among different social classes more equal; thirdly, it makes the distribution of public education resources among the primary education, secondary education and higher education more reasonable.However, with the enlarging enrollment scale of commoners, many problems emerge under the double-orbit system of tuition charge on postgraduate education, in the appearance of all kinds of unfair phenomenon. For example, firstly, how to decide one student should charge or not, whether the criterion is impartial or not, the problem of charge standard is questionable. Secondly, there is great gap in charge amount between different cultivating units, and what’s more, the gist to decide a certain charge criterion is not open to the public. Thirdly, the graduates are plot out artificially to be scholars or commoners, so that series problems come forth since scholars or commoners cannot receive equal treatment. Fourthly, the double-orbit system of tuition charge goes against the reduction of opportunity cost brought by attending the entrance examination of postgraduate. And so on... Generally speaking, under the double-orbit system of tuition charge on postgraduate education, the foundation stone of those unfair educational phenomenon lies in such aspects as economic, policy, educational system and running system, social consciousness and so forth.Therefore, this thesis proposes to charge in the postgraduate education across-the-board. In Education Economics theory, what can support this viewpoint is the theory of Man-power Capital and that of Cost-sharing. In our country, demand for development of postgraduate更多还原