【作者】 朱路平；

【导师】 贾志杰；

【作者基本信息】 华中师范大学 ， 有机化学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 自1991年发现碳纳米管以来,一维纳米材料特殊的物理性质以及潜在的广泛应用前景,使得一维纳米材料倍受关注,其已成为物理、化学、材料等诸多学科领域的研究前沿。开拓并完善一维纳米材料制备体系已成为当前的一个重要的研究课题和研究热点。 本文利用压力-热晶法合成得到了氧化亚锡纳米晶须,α-三氧化二铁纳米棒,氧化锡纳米枝晶,氧化钛纳米线、带、纳米管,氧化锌纳米棒,并用软模板法与压力-热晶法结合制得氧化锡/氧化亚铜纳米复合晶须。采用XRD、SEM、TEM以及XRD等分析手段对所制得的一维纳米材料进行了观察与表征。并对氧化亚锡纳米晶须,α-三氧化二铁纳米棒,氧化钛纳米纳米管,氧化锡/氧化亚铜纳米复合晶须相关内容作了以下初步的探讨: (1) 较系统研究了压力,反应时间等对氧化亚锡纳米晶须生长的影响以及表面活性剂CTAB在氧化亚锡纳米晶须合成过程中的作用,加深对氧化亚锡纳米晶须生长机制的理解,并将压力-热晶法制备的纳米氧化亚锡与溶剂热法制备的氧化亚锡的稳定性进行了对比分析。 (2) 通过对纳米氧化铁制备条件的讨论拟从氧化物材料团聚、长大的机理出发,探讨解决纳米氧化物易团聚、易长大的问题。加深对压力-热晶法原理的理解,并用该种方法制备得到了其它一维纳米材料。可见这种合成纳米材料的方法具有成本低廉,工艺简单,反应快速,产量大的特点,极有希望用于金属氧化物纳米材料的工业化生产和规模化应用。 (3) 通过对纳米氧化钛纳米管的制备研究,初步了解氧化物/含氧酸盐纳米管的形成机理。 (4) 对软模板法结合压力-热晶法来合成氧化锡/氧化亚铜纳米复合材料作了初步的尝试,合成了氧化锡/氧化亚铜一维纳米复合晶须。并对其光催化活性作了简要的研究。更多还原

【Abstract】 Since the discovery of carbon nanobubes （CNTs） by Iijima in 1991, one -dimensional nanostructures （nanorods, nanowires, nanobelts and nanotubes） have attracted much attention due to their scientific significance and potential technological applications. Developing new preparation methods and new systems of one-dimensional nanomaterials is a very important topic in current research activities in the fields of physics, chemistry and materials science.In this article, stannous oxide （SnO） nanowhiskers, a-ferric oxide （a-Fe2O3） nanorods, tin dioxide （SnO₂） nanodendrite, titanium oxide （TiO₂） nanowires, nanobelts, nanotubes, and zinc oxide （ZnO） nanorods were successfully prepared by pressure-thermalcrystallization method. At the same time, we also prepared Cu₂O/SnO₂ nanocomposite whiskers by the pressure-thermalcrystallization method using cetyltrimethylammoniumbromide （CTAB） as soft template. The morphologies, sizes of the products were characterized by transmission electron microscopy （TEM）, scan electron microscopy （SEM） , powder X-ray diffractmeter （XRD） and the typical selected area electron diffraction （SAED）. The main results of this study are summarized as followings:Firstly, the influence of some reaction parameters, including the pressure, the temperature, the surfactant and the reaction duration, on the formation, morphology and particle size of SnO crystallite were discussed. The role of CTAB, on the progress of synthesis of SnO nanowhiskers, was also studied. Furthermore, we compared the stabilities of SnO crystallite with pressure-thermalcrystallization method and solvothermal method.Secondly, we try to settle the problem of the agglomeration and aging in the nanomaterials by studying the some reaction parameters of the preparation of ferric oxide. In addition, we also prepared other quasi-one-dimensional nanostructures with this method,. This method showed some advantages, such as, low cost, simple progress, mass output, and so on. Which can be as a promising method to preparemetal oxide nanomaterials with a large scale quantity.Thirdly, by studying on the preparation of TiO2 nanotubes, we come to know the growth mechanism of oxide/oxysalt nanotubes.Finally, we try to prepare Cu₂O/SnO₂ composite nanowhiskers by the pressure-thermalcrystallization method using cetyltrimethylammoniumbromide （CTAB） as soft template and study simply the photo-catalytic activation property of the home-prepared Cu₂O/SnO₂ composite nanowhiskers.更多还原