【作者】 查玉平；

【导师】 骆启桂；

【作者基本信息】 华中师范大学 ， 动物学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 昆虫是一类重要的生物类群,甚至有学者认为昆虫主宰着全球的生物多样性。昆虫多样性是生物多样性的重要组成部分,它在维护生态平衡、生物防治、农作物传粉、医药保健及作为轻工原料等方面起着重要作用。 后河国家级自然保护区素有“三峡绿宝石”的美誉,与神农架国家级自然保护区一起成为三峡地区南北两块最具代表性的自然生态系统区域,是自然资源保护和生态环境建设的综合示范区。不少学者对该地区的动、植物资源进行过调查,但都未对其昆虫进行系统调查,也没有对昆虫进行生物多样性分析。因此,对于昆虫的种类、数量、分布还不十分清楚,更不用说弄清楚后河国家级自然保护区的昆虫在这独特生态系统中的作用和地位。对后河国家级自然保护区的昆虫系统调查,摸清该地区昆虫的家底,进行昆虫多样性的研究对于后河国家级自然保护区生物多样性的研究、保护及其发展都具有重要意义。 在昆虫采集过程中,根据不同生境中的具体情况及不同昆虫物种,采用不同的采集方法。根据调查记录和采集的标本,分别统计不同生境、不同海拔高度、不同季节采集的昆虫数量,运用相关计算公式进行多样性分析。 本文首次总结了后河国家级自然保护区系统昆虫名录,共计21目154科613属885种。其中,有叉犀金龟子、金裳凤蝶、裳凤蝶、枯叶蛱蝶、箭环蝶等珍稀昆虫。此外,鳞翅目有124种为湖北省新记录种。 以后河国家级自然保护区鳞翅目昆虫为代表,进行区系分析:其中东洋种最多,有242种,占总数的58.74%;其次是广布种,有113种,占总数的27.43%;古北种最少,仅有57种,占总数的13.83%。结果表明该地区昆虫以东洋种为主。 采用α-多样性的测度方法对春、夏、秋三季的蝴蝶多样性进行了研究,分析了这三个季节蝴蝶群落的特点和科、属、种级分类下的多样性指数。结果表明,春、夏、秋三季的蝴蝶的多样性指数、物种丰富度指数、均匀度指数及优势度指数随季节变化而变化。物种丰富度指数以夏季最高,为92;各更多还原

【Abstract】 Insect is an important biology group. Even some scholars believe that insect is the master of global biodiversity. Insect biodiversity is a significant part of biodiversity, which has effect on ecosystem balance’s keep, biological control, crop’s pollination, curatorial health care, light industry material proffer and so on.Houhe National Nature Reserve is an integrated model region in conserving natural resources and ecological environment construction, together with Shennongjia National Nature Reserve being the two most representational nature ecosystem regions in Three Gorges Area. There was a lot of research on the propagation in the Houhe National Nature Reserve. But there were no investigations on insects, let alone studies on the insect biodiversity. So it is not clear about the species, quantity and distribution of insects, not to mention what role insect plays in ecosystem. It is important for the research and protection of insects and development of Houhe National Nature Reserve to make systematic investigations on insects and study the insect biodiversity.Based on the actual status of different environments and different species of insects, we used different methods to collect insects. We separately recorded the numbers of insects in different environments, altitudes and seasons, and analyzed biodiversity with correlative expressions.The paper firstly reported the insect resource in Houhe National Reserve. A total of 885 species from 613 genera in 154 families in 21 orders were identified, based on insect specimens collected in the survey and published materials. There were many rare insects, such as Allomyrina dichotoma (Linnaeus), Troides Helena (Linnaeus), T. aeacus (Felder et Felder), Stichophthalma howqua (Westwood), Kallima inachus Doubleday among them. In addition, 124 species from Lepidoptera are newly recorded in Hubei province.Due to the investigation, we concluded that the main elements of the fauna in this region are Oriental. The numbers of Oriental species, Palearctic species and widely distributive species were 242, 113 and 57 respectively. And the percentages of Oriental species, Palearctic species and widely distributive species were 58.74%, 27.43% and 13.83% respectively.By the measure methods of a - diversity, the paper dealt with the diversity of butterflies in spring, summer and autumn. Data analysis was used in the measure methods of a - diversity, and the results showed that the highest species richness and the highest diversity index occurred in summer, and the highest evenness index occurred in spring, and the highest dominance index also occurred in summer. Nymphalidae was the highest in richness at the level of families.The genetic diversity of Papilio Manor Cramer and Araschnia doris Leech populations in Houhe National Nature Reserve was investigated using the randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) method through the polymersae chain reaction (PCR). Amplifications with 11 primers under predetermined optimal reaction conditions gave 136 reproducible fragments ranging from 170 to 2 000 bp. Cluster analysis showed that the populations’ genetic variation was correlation to the seasons.We used Jaccard’s coefficient of similarity and G-F index to compare the butterfly biodiversity among Houhe National Nature Reserve, Daba mountains Nature Reserve and Shimentai Nature Reserve. The results showed that the coefficient of similarity between Houhe National Nature Reserve and Daba mountains Nature Reserve was the highest, which was 0.3184. The G-F index in Houhe National Nature Reserve was higher than that in Daba mountains Nature Reserve, while it was lower than that in Shimentai Nature Reserve.更多还原