【作者】 汪海鹰；

【导师】 刘勤晋； 王亨洪；

【作者基本信息】 西南农业大学 ， 茶学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 中国四川是世界茶树原产地之一,而其西部雅安,既是我国茶树栽培历史最悠久的茶区之一,又是“南路边茶”主产区,“川藏茶马古道”的起点。川藏茶马古道是以四川雅安为起点,经康定、昌都、拉萨到尼泊尔、锡金的一条古老的茶叶运输线。两千多年以来,巴蜀茶叶经人背马驮,长途跋涉运入西藏。满足了藏族、门巴族、锡克族以及中亚各国人民日常生活中对茶叶等物资的需要。它已成为我国“丝绸之路”以外另一条对外经济贸易往来的陆上运输线,对民族团结和中外经济交流做出了贡献。 近年来,滇藏茶马古道已有木霁弘等人进行考察研究,至今未见对川藏茶马古道进行深入探讨的文献及报道。本文在深入川藏茶马古道实地考察的基础上,结合前辈们的研究,探讨了南路边茶生产、加工、流通的历史及演变,藏族地区饮茶习俗的起源与演变以及川藏茶马古道上的人文文化等方面。结果表明: 1.雅安是唐宋以来我国“南路边茶”主产区和“川藏茶马古道”的起点。 2.茶叶正式入藏始于唐朝。藏族民间饮茶则兴起于在晚唐时期,因僧人被迫还俗,将饮茶之习和烹茶之法直接传播于普通的人民之中。 3.南路边茶运销的主要路线有两条:以今四川雅安一带产茶区为起点,首先进入康定,自康定起分成南、北两条支线:北线是从康定向北,经道孚、炉霍、甘孜、德格、江达、抵达昌都(即今川藏公路的北线),再由昌都通往卫藏地区;南线则是从康定向南,经雅江、理塘、巴塘、芒康、左贡至昌都(即今川藏公路的南线),再由昌都通向卫藏地区。 4.历朝统治者都把边茶作为政治上控制、经济上剥削各族人民的一种手段,边茶的运销基本由官方控制,并用极为严格的茶制来保障其实施。 5.川藏茶马古道经过两千年的兴衰,它是一条政治、经济纽带,带动了藏区社会经济的发展,促进了藏区城镇的兴起和发展,促进了藏族与汉族及其他民族的相互交流与合作。 6.社会主义改造对南路边茶业的恢复和发展有极其重要的作用,改造后的南路边茶生产量和销藏量稳步上升。 7.在藏族地区,人人饮茶。茶已经与藏族民俗紧紧结合在一起,无论节日祭祀、婚丧嫁娶、走亲访友都以茶为礼。藏族地区吃茶习俗具有普及性、多样性、创造性和交流性。 8.川藏茶马古道上的“背夫”及“马脚子”都是贫苦农民出身,他们在最更多还原

【Abstract】 Sichuan region of China is the native place of tea (Camellia sinensis).And its western area, Ya’ an is one of the countries of tea region, which have the longest history in tea tree cultivation. Ya’ an is the main producing area of "Southern Route Tea" and the starting point of "the Ancient Tea-horse Road from Sichuan to Tibet" . "the Ancient Tea-horse Road from Sichuan to Tibet" is the route of tea transporting going by Kangding , Changdu , Lasa to Nepal . During the past 2, 000 years, tea from Ba’ shu area has being exported to Tibet, carried by people and horses. This fulfilled people goods and materials of Zang nationality, Moinba nationality and Xike nationality and of middle Asian countries, "the Ancient Tea-horse Road from Sichuan to Tibet" has become another overland transporting route of economic trade after "the Silk Road" , and it has done much contribution on nationality uniting and economy intercourse between China an the other countries.In recent years, there were some people such as Mu Qi-hong had investigated "the Ancient Tea-horse Road" of Yun’ nan to Tibet. Literatures and reports about "the Ancient Tea-horse Road from Sichuan to Tibet" are not seen, so , there is no thorough study on "the Ancient Tea-horse Road from Sichuan to Tibet" .By means of investigating "the Ancient Tea-horse Road from Sichuan to Tibet" ,combining with senior persons’ studies and discoveries, the history and evolution on producing "Southern Route Tea" , the origin and evolution of tea customs of Zang nationality, human culture on "the Ancient Tea-horse Road from Sichuanto Tibet" were probed. Results show:1. Ya’ an is one of original areas of tea drinking, tea plant cultivation and tea manufacturing. It is also the main producing area of"Southern Route Tea" and the starting point of "the Ancient Tea-horse Road" of Sichuan to Tibet.2. The first time tea exported into Tibet was in Tang dynasty. Folk drinking of tea in Zang nationality started in the late period of Tang dynasty. After being forced to resume secular life, Buddhist monks spread out the habit of drinking tea and method of making tea into normal people of Zang nationality.3. There were two main routes of the transporting of Southern Route Tea. Look on Ya’ an region as the starting point, after going into Kang’ ding, it can be branched out into two routes: the north one was going by Dao’ fu, Lu’huo, Gan’ zi, De’ ge, Jiang’ da, Changdu, and the south one was going by Ya’ jiang, Li’ tang, Ba’ tang, Mang’ kang, Zuo’ gong, Changdu, then both of the two route goes toward area of Zang nationality.4. Governors of each dynasty looked on border market tea as means to control the people in politics and exploit the people in economy. The transporting and sale of Southern Route Tea were controlled by authority, and there execution was insured by cruel penal law.5. "the Ancient Tea-horse Road from Sichuan to Tibet" has very important historic meaning after its 2000 years of rising and declining: it was a link of politics economy, pushed on development of society economy, and promoted formation and development of cities and towns in Zang region, accelerated culture communication of Zang nationality , Han nationality and other nationalities.6. Socialist transformation has extremely important impact on the industry of Southern Route Tea, making its production and sale to Zang region keeping on rising.7. Everybody drinks tea in Zang region. Tea has been incorporated with their folk customs. People Use tea as present when festivals, oblation,更多还原