【作者】 袁军；

【导师】 曾明；

【作者基本信息】 西南农业大学 ， 果树学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 越桔属(Vaccinium)植物是最重要的新兴小果类果树之一,其分布广泛,在我国主要分布在吉林和西南几省。越桔经济价值较高,不仅具有很高的营养价值和优良的加工品质,而且果实和叶片均可入药,所含花青素和抗氧化物质能主治多种疾病,是一种果药兼用的多功能植物。越桔植物喜酸性土壤,适宜在我国红黄壤地区种植,可以有效地对酸性土壤区实行绿化造林,改良广大工矿污染地区,创造出良好的经济价值。目前,在我国兔眼越桔组织培养技术已获成功,可以在短期内生产大量的优质苗木,但增强组培苗的生长势,提高组培苗的质量仍然是有待解决的关键问题。 杜鹃类植物,特别是越桔,其根系没有根毛,吸收能力比具有根毛的根系小得多,但自然条件下几乎所有的越桔细根都有EM(Ericoid mycorrhiza,EM)内生菌根真菌的寄生,从而克服了越桔由于没有根毛而造成的对水分及营养的吸收困难,改善植株营养状况,调节宿主的代谢活性,增强植株的抗逆性,提高越桔的产量,加快移栽苗成活速度,节约农业生产成本,增加经济产量和效益。因而将越桔组培技术和菌根化技术相结合,生产生长势旺、抗逆能力强的越桔苗木是一项很有经济价值的研究项目。在国外,新西兰已经将接种菌根真菌作为促进越桔生长、提高肥料利用率、提高产量的一项有效措施。而在国内EM真菌的分离和研究几乎还是一片空白。要生产菌根化苗木的关键是选用适宜当地生态条件的优良菌种用于接种,培育出优质的菌根化越桔种苗。 本试验从重庆市缙云山自然保护区野生越桔属植物乌饭树(Vaccinium ashei Reade)根系上,分离出代表当地生态条件的土著优势越桔EM真菌,研究不同EM真菌的培养特性,并利用筛选的菌种接种越桔组培苗和田间苗木,观察各种EM真菌对越桔幼苗生长发育和养分吸收的影响以及对越桔果实内各有益成分含量的影响。目的在于筛选出适宜越桔生长的EM真更多还原

【Abstract】 Blueberry (Vaccnium) is one of the most important newly developing fruit trees. It spreads widely, especially in Jilin province and southwest area of our country. Blueberry is used as fruit and also contains anthocyanin and antioxidation substance that can cure some kinds of diseases. So it is a multifunction fruit tree with highly economic value. Blueberry is suit to live in the acid soil and fit to being cultivated in the red soil of our country. To develop the blueberry industry in polluted area can meliorate the soil and put the virescence and afforestation into practice. At present, a lot of seedlings are produced in a short term with the succeeded tissue culture technique of rabbiteye blueberry. However, to boost up the growth and improve the quality of micropropagated blueberry plantlets is still a key issue waitting for us to solve.Ericaceous plants, especially the blueberry, has feeble assimilate ability for having no root hair in root system. In the wild, blueberry has intergrowth with EM fungi to form mycorrhiza. In doing so, the nutritional status of blueberry, including nutrition and moisture absorption has been improved, as well as the metabolism and resistant activity built up. Therefore, to integrate the tissue culture and mycorrhizal technology is an item with great economy benefit worthing to research. The use of EM fungi is one of the way necessary to facilitate the growth and improve the output of blueberry now widely adopted abroad, whereas, little in China, if any. It needs to point out that the inoculation of the EM fungi suitable to local natural conditions is important in producing healthy seedlings.In the experiment, typical EM fungi strains were isolated from Jinyun mountain in Chongqing where wild Vaccinium ashei Reade was very popular. And the effects of EM fungi on the growth, nutrition absorption of seedlings in vitro and in the field, and the beneficial component in fruits of blueberry were also studied in the same time.The object of the research is to supply techniques to cultivate seedlings with advantageous EM fungi for planting trees in acid soil area.The results are as follows:The production and cultivation of micropropagated blueberry plantlets in our country is underway. Researchers are feeling for the mycorrhizal technology on micropropagated plantlet s. So isolating the beneficial EM fungi plays a key role on the study. The isolation of EM fungi is usually carried out by mycorrhizal tissue method, lixiviated soil solution method and unicellular isolation method for the spores with different shapes of EM fungi are very diffi cult to pick out.The results showed that different fungi were isolated by distinct means:the f ungi apart from lixiviated soil solution method mainly formed white colony developed rapidl y;the mycorrhizal tissue methods with different exterior sterilize means separated fungi coloni es varied in shape and number.Therefore,adopting manifold methods in isolation assay could separate more EM fungi we wanted.Test selecting the optimum medium is necessary to be carried out because every fungus has its optimum medium for their different nourishment demand. The isolated strains had better growth potential and mycelium developed strongly and rapidly on PDA medium, while they grew slowly and poorly on the others. It indicated that PDA medium was the optimum medium in EM fungi isolation and cultivation. But it had a little opacity matter remnant after filtrated, as liquid medium it would influence the observing of the results. So modified MMN medium which was easy to make and had known ingredient was selected as the liquid medium of isolated EM fungi. The results showed that modified MMN medium was fit for the spread of strains. Mycelium grew well and developed faster in this medium than on solid ones.Some researches have showed that inoculating micropropagated plantlets with beneficial microorganism had some effects on the growth and development of host But it is a long time to form EM and the infection rate is also low in natural conditions. The production of blueberry seedlings by inoculating mycorrhizal fungi is absolutely required. In this experiment, the effects of EM fungi on growth and development of micropropagated plantlets were studied. As a results, the growth quantity and absorption ability to sorb mineral elements of seedlings in vitro or ex vitro were greatly promoted. The isolated EM fungi, especially the SWAU0309 and SWAU0313 were excellent strains to symbiose with blueberry.In general, there is great discrepancy between the field surroundings and the tissue culture environment which would lead to the different behaves of EM fungi on the host. But in the experiment, the results showed that the functions of the fungi on the micropropagated plantlets and seedlings in the field were almost the same. The mineral elements absorption of host in the field was meliorated to different extent. Certainly, different EM fungi inoculated manifested varied effects on the different varieties. The nitrogen and phosphor contents in inoculated Gardenblue and Darrow更多还原