【作者】 颜梅新；

【导师】 赖传雅；

【作者基本信息】 广西大学 ， 植物病理学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 作者从2003年12月到2004年7月到广西南宁、合浦、贺州沙田镇、莲塘镇,平乐同安镇、二塘镇,荔浦青山镇等7个县市采集病荸荠球茎标样共825个,经分离、纯化、鉴定,获得棘孢木霉(Trichoderma asperellum Samuels, Lieckfeldt & Nirenberg)、根霉(Rhizopus sp. )、毛霉Ⅰ(Mucor sp. Ⅰ)、毛霉Ⅱ(Mucor sp. Ⅱ)、接合霉(Zygorhynchus sp. )、青霉(Penicillium sp. )、粘帚霉菌(Gliocladium sp. )、黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger V. Tiegh. )、黄曲霉(Aspergillus flavus LinK. )、根串珠霉(Thielaviopsis sp. )、茄病镰刀菌[Fusarium s0/ani(Mart。)Sacc.]、砖红镰刀菌(Fusarium lateritium Nees)、尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht. )、串珠镰刀菌(Fusarium moniliforme Sheldon)、链格孢菌[Alternaria alternata(Fr. :Fr. )Keissler]、节卵孢菌(Oospora sp. )、齐整小核菌(Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. )等17种菌种。其中除根霉、尖孢镰刀菌、根串珠霉外,余下棘孢木霉等14种病原是国内首次报道。分离频率分别为68.12%、5.70%、4.97%、4.12%、2.79%、1.82%、0.24%、4.48%、0.48%、6.79%、4.85%、1.21%、0.12%、0.12%、0.24%、4.24%、1.58%,其中棘孢木霉(T. asperellum)分离频率最高。据此认为棘孢木霉是荸荠贮藏期真菌性病害的为主病原并对其进行生物学特性测定及室内药剂敏感性试验。棘更多还原

【Abstract】 Seventeen species of pathogens were isolated from 825 samples of diseaded Chinese waterchestnuts , which were collected from 7 counties and cities including Nanning, Hepu, Hezhou, Pingle, Lipu in Guangxi from Dec., 2003 to Jul. , 2004. They were identificated as Trichoderma asperellum Samuels, Lieckfeldt & Nirenberg, Rhizopus sp., Mucor sp. Ⅰ , Mucor sp. Ⅱ , Zygorhynchus sp., Penicillium sp., Gliocladium sp., Aspergillus niger V.Tiegh., Aspergillus flavus LinK., Thielaviopsis sp. , Fusarium solani (Mart.) Sacc., Fusarium lateritium Nees, Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht. , Fusarium moniliforme Sheldon, Alternania alternata(Fr. :Fr.) Keissler , Oospora sp., Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc.. Isolation frequencies were 68.12%、 5.70%、 4.97%、 4.12%、 2.79%、 1.82%、 0.24%、 4. 48%、 0. 48%、 6. 79%、 4. 85%、 1. 21%、 0. 12%、 0. 12%、 0. 24%、 4. 24%、 1. 58% , respectively. Fourteen species of pathogens were were first reported to cause corms rot except Rhizopus sp., Thielaviopsis sp. and Fusarium oxysporum in China. Isolation frequency of T. asperellum was the highest among of them, and this species was the major pathogen of Chinese waterchestnut in storage. The biological characteristics and sensitivities to fungicides of T. asperellum were studied. The temperature for the growth of T. asperellum was 10~35℃ , whereas the growth was ceased below 10℃ or above 40℃, the optium temperature and pH for mycelia growth was 25~30℃ and pH3~8, respectively. Full light was necessary for pathogen to produce conidia. Conidia produced more easily under 12h ultraviolet than that of 6h ultraviolet, but darkness was not favor to produce conidia .The fungus could use dextrine, mannitol, D- sorbitol as carbon source and glycineas nitrogen source. However the fungus did not grow in culture medium with ammonia water and urea. Water was necessary for germination of the conidia. The best condition for conidial germination was 25—28℃ with pH2—7. Germination rate can be promoted when 40% of extract of Chinese waterchestnut was provided to conidia of T. asperellum. The result of test of sensitivities to fungicides of T. asperellum by means of inhibition zone showed propiconazole, prochlorraz could inhibit the growth of the pathogen effectively; myclobutanil, difenoconazole, triadimenol, chlorothalonil+iprodione came second. Whereas the result of test of growth rate method showed the optium fungicides for inhibiting the gowth of pathogen were propiconazole, prochlorraz, myclobutanil, difenoconazole, triadimenol, chlorothalonil+iprodione, thiram , iprodione .更多还原