【作者】 黄鸿春；

【导师】 李秋洪；

【作者基本信息】 广西大学 ， 科技哲学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 通观从先秦到宋明的哲学,气的基本涵义是具有广邃性而能“自物物他、自动动他”的客观存在。“气”不仅是重要的哲学概念,而且渗透到中国古代各门科学中。晚明科学家如李时珍、宋应星、方以智和徐光启等人,在总结当时科技成果的基础上,将自然和人纳入传统气论与阴阳说同构的思维框架中,以气本、气化、自然感应三大观点来阐述宇宙万物的发生、发展和演变。在他们看来,世界是一个有机整体,气化流行不息和相互感应源于气内在的阴阳对立统一。正是晚明气论自然观独特的思维方式导引着中国传统科学在晚明各个领域取得卓越成就,促就了一个短暂的古典科学的总结性复兴阶段。但由于自身植根的中国传统文化的局限、中国传统社会及其条件的特性,以及晚明气论自然观自身固有的缺陷,使中国在明清之际无法产生出西方那样的近代科学。更多还原

【Abstract】 Qi meant a comprehensive moving entity in terms of philosophy of ancient China beginning from very early times of China to the establishment of Qin Dynasty, and to the later Song and Ming Dynasties. More than an important concept in China’s philosophy, Qi has seen its deep influence on every science of ancient China. In light of the concept of Qi, Li Shizhen、 Song Yingxing、 Fang Yizhi、 Jie Xuan、 Xu Xiake、Zhu Zaiyu、 Xing Yunlu and Xu Guangqi, some late Ming’s scientists, expounded the origin, emergence, and evolvement of nature, looking on everything the universe as an organic whole which derives its impetus from the interaction of Yin and Yang lying inherently in Qi. To the writer of this paper, without the concept of Qi, there would not have been the scientific and technological prosperity in late Ming Dynasty, but from the concept of Qi, no modern sciences like those in the west could develop.更多还原