【作者】 周咏梅；

【导师】 薛进军；

【作者基本信息】 广西大学 ， 植物营养学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 本试验以芒果、毛叶枣为主要研究对象,结合沙田柚、龙眼,研究了不同树形、不同修剪方法在常绿果树上的效应及机理,为解决南方果树在生产上普遍存在的整形修剪问题提供理论依据和实践技术。主要结论如下: 1.芒果叶片净光合速率在一年中9月达到最高值,1月为最低值;树冠不同部位叶片净光合速率比较,外围叶高于中部叶,中部叶高于内膛叶;不同树形叶片净光合速率比较,开心形高于纺锤形,纺锤形高于对照。 2.芒果不同程度环剥环割后,与对照相比,均显著降低叶片净光合速率,其中环剥降幅最大,螺旋环剥次之,环割最小;与对照相比,均显著降低根系韧皮部可溶性糖含量,其中环剥降幅最大,螺旋环剥次之,环割最小。 3.芒果2003年环割处理后,翌年成花数量为49,显著高于其它处理;2004年环剥处理后成花数量为193,螺旋环剥处理后成花数量为183,两者均显著高于环割和对照。 4.芒果不同采后修剪试验表明,在密节芽处短截成花率为85%,在疏位芽处短截成花率为83%,对照为70%。 5.毛叶枣树形试验表明,纺锤形与开心形相比,具有产量高,果实品质好,节省架材等优点。纺锤形果实产量比开心形高,枝叶重比开心形更多还原

【Abstract】 In this experiment, Mango and Zizyphus muaritiana were primary objects; Shatian pumelo and Logan were secondary objects. The effect and mechanism of different tree frame and pruning were studied, in order to solving some problem on south fruit trees. The result can be used as theoretic basis and practical technology. The main conclusions as follows:1. The maximum of net photosynthetic rate of Mango was happened in September, and the minimum was happened in January. Compared net photosynthetic rate in different canopy part of Mango, the outer was higher than the middle, and the middle was higher than the inner. Compared net photosynthetic rate in different tree frame, the open was higher than the spindle; the spindle was higher than the control.2. After different girdling on Mango, compared with control, net photosynthetic rate of leaves was significantly reduced. About the degree of reduction, girdling was largest, planipiral girdling was secondary, and scoring was smallest. At the same time, compared with control, the content of soluble sugar in root phloem was reduced obviously after differentgirdling treatments; situation of change was same as net photosynthetic rate.3. After scoring on Mango in 2003, the number of inflorescence was 49, obviously higher than other treatments. In 2004, the number was 193 when using girdling, and the number was 183 when using planipiral girdling, both were significantly than scoring and control.4. The trial of different pruning after picking on Mango showed, inflorescence rate of cutting in cluster bud, cutting in scattered bud, control were 85%, 83%, 70%, respectively.5. Experiment on Zizyphus muaritiana indicated that the production and fruit quality were improved by using spindle tree training system, when compared with open tree form; and the cost of materials was also reduced. Experiment proved that after fruit harvested, remaining the central trunk and the limbs carrying out heading back of branches and girdling at full flowering stage of the spindle trees could bear secondary fruit in the period of October to January. In such case the production was much higher than that only harvested one.6. The different tree frame and summer shooting treatment were carried out on planting of Shatian pumelo. The result showed the height of tree, the diameter of trunk, the diameter of crown, the number of shoot and the length of main branch of spindle tree were significantly more than open tree and control tree. There was obviously effect to promoting budding andbranching with Fazhisu treatment, the budding rate up to 66.7%, the branching rate up to 50.0%, respectively, and the chisel bud was 30.0%and 13.3% respectively, and pinching was 26.7%and 26.7%, respectively.更多还原