【作者】 应泉盛；

【导师】 朱祝军；

【作者基本信息】 浙江大学 ， 蔬菜学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 本试验以青花菜（Brassica oleracea L. var. italica Planch）为材料,研究了氮、钙、硼营养对青花菜生长、抗氧化酶系统、矿质元素吸收和碳水化合物的影响。取得了如下结果: 1.氮钙营养对青花菜花球品质、硝酸盐、矿质元素和碳水化合物的影响 在施氮量为10～20Kg·667m^-2之间,随着施氮量的增加,青花菜花球的外观品质变佳,全氮及硝酸盐含量上升,而硼、钙、总糖、还原糖、蔗糖含量下降。现蕾期施用氮肥,可提高花球的外观品质,花球中的氮、硼、钙和硝酸盐含量上升,总糖、还原糖和蔗糖的含量下降。增施钙肥,青花菜的外观品质、花茎中的全氮、硼、钙、总糖、还原糖和蔗糖的含量均上升,而花蕾中的全氮含量下降。 2.青花菜裂茎病的研究 裂茎病主要是由缺硼造成的,青花菜裂茎病植株的硼含量低于正常植株,氮硼比明显高于正常植株。植株氮素过多会加重裂茎病的发生。不同青花菜品种对缺硼的耐性不同。 3.钙素营养对青花菜生长、抗氧化酶系统、矿质元素吸收的影响 缺钙造成青花菜植株茎内部出现坏死、腐烂。缺钙抑制青花菜地上部生长,造成青花菜减产。钙能提高花球叶绿素的含量,提高外观色泽品质,还能提高青花菜的干物质含量。缺钙降低植株APX、CAT和SOD活性,而提高POD酶活性。花茎部位APX、SOD和CAT活性比花蕾低。钙能促进青花菜对硼的吸收。青花菜钙的利用率随钙浓度的提高而下降,植株对钙的吸收量随钙水平的提高而明显上升。晚生圣绿钙的利用率比绿雄90高。植株内K、Mg、P的含量随钙水平的提高而下降,而钙对Fe、Zn和Na的吸收影响无明显规律性。 4.硼素营养对青花菜生长、抗氧化酶系统、矿质元素吸收的影响 缺硼影响青花菜地上部的生长,造成花球减产;施硼能提高青花菜的产量,提高花球叶绿素、干物质的含量。青花菜裂茎病是由缺硼造成的,但裂茎病的发生受其它因素影响,不同品种对硼的敏感性不同,发病症状也不同。缺硼降低植株APX、CAT和SOD活性,而增加POD活性。施硼提高青花菜对硼的吸收,青花菜对硼的利用率随硼水平的提高而下降,绿雄90和晚生圣绿的硼利用效率相同。硼浓度较低时青花菜植株钙的吸收量随硼水平的提高而上升,但高硼浓度会抑制青花菜植株对钙的吸收。施硼对青花更多还原

【Abstract】 The effects of N, Ca and B on growth, antioxidative enzymes, nutrient uptake and quality in brassica oleracea L. var. italica Planch were studied. The main results as follows:1. The effect of N and Ca on head quality, nitrate, nutrient content and carbohydrate in broccoliWhen the dose of N application increased from 10 to 20 Kg·667m-2, the appearance quality was improved and the nitrogen content was increased, but the contents of boron, calcium, total sugar, sugar, and sucrose were decreased. Topdressing nitrogen on bolting stage improved the appearance quality, increased the contents of nitrate, boron, and calcium, and decreased the contents of total sugar, reducing sugar and sucrose. Application of calcium improved the appearance quality, increased the contents of nitrogen, boron, calcium, total sugar, reducing sugar and sucrose in flower stems, and decreased the N content in flower buds.2. Investigation on "stem crack" in broccoliB deficiency induced a physiological disorder "stem crack" in broccoli. The B content in the plant of "stem crack" was lower than that in normal plant, N/B ratio in the plant of "stem crack" was obviously higher than that in normal plant. Excess N in plant increased the occurrence of "stem crack". Different broccoli cultivars have various resistance to B deficiency.3. The effect of Ca on growth, antioxidative enzymes, nutrient uptake in broccoliThe plants of Ca deficiency didn’t show obvious symptoms, two plants had necrotic and perish in stem. Ca deficiency inhibited top growth in broccoli, and reduced output. Application of Ca increased chlorophyll in bud and dry matter content in head, and improved the appearance quality. Ca deficiency decreased APX, CAT, SOD activity, but increased POD activity. APX, CAT and SOD activity in stem was lower than in bud. Ca promoted B uptake in broccoli. With the increase of Ca content, calcium use efficiency decreased, and calcium uptake amount increased obviously. The Ca use efficiency of Wanshengshenglu was higher than Luxiong 90. With the increase of Ca content, K, Mg, P content increased in broccoli plant.4. The effect of B on growth, antioxidative enzymes, nutrient uptake in broccoliB deficiency inhibited top growth in broccoli, reduced head output. Fertilizer application increased broccoli output, chlorophyll content in bud and dry matter content in head. "Stem crack" was induced by B deficiency. Various genotypes had different sensitivity and更多还原