【作者】 马志虎；

【导师】 侯喜林； 沈晓昆；

【作者基本信息】 南京农业大学 ， 蔬菜学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 本研究以辣椒黄绿苗突变体为试验材料,对其进行了叶色遗传分析、生物学特性及生长动态、辣椒黄绿苗杂交一代果实杂种优势的研究,并利用其黄绿色隐性性状对其在辣椒杂种纯度鉴定、辣椒胞质雄性不育系的选育及新品种选育等进行了研究,研究结果如下: 1.辣椒黄绿苗突变体是辣椒叶色黄绿色隐性突变体。结果说明辣椒黄绿苗突变为隐性突变,黄绿苗突变体性状为细胞核遗传,绿色与黄绿色性状受1对核等位基因控制,黄绿色性状对绿色性状为隐性性状。 2.对96-140牛角辣椒及96-140辣椒黄绿苗突变体(96-140YBM)生物学特性、生长动态、抗病性等方面进行了测定,试验结果表明96-140辣椒黃绿苗突变体不仅在生长势、叶片、株重、单果重等方面强于96-140,而且在抗疫病方面明显强于96-140牛角辣椒。96-140YBM性状遗传稳定,苗期遗传标记性状明显,在杂交育种及纯度鉴定上有较大的利用价值。 3.以转育黄绿苗辣椒标记性状的6个早熟辣椒为母本,3个甜椒为父本,配制10个杂交组合,对杂交一代果实杂交优势性状进行分析,结果表明辣椒黄绿苗杂交组合在果实长、果肉厚、单株挂果数性状优势超过高亲本性状,结果依次为10.01%、8.15%、1.05%,杂交优势明显。 4.应用苗期叶色标记技术、成株田间子房鉴定对25个辣椒样品进行了纯度鉴定。鉴定结果表明,苗期叶色标记技术和成株子房鉴定法纯度鉴定结果十分接近,呈显著相关,相关系数达0.9556,苗期叶色标记技术和田间子房鉴定法纯度鉴定结果基本一致,可代替大田子房鉴定法纯度鉴定。 5.以辣椒H97643分离世代中胞质雄性不育株为不育源,通过测交、回交进行辣椒黄绿苗96-140突变体(96-140YBM)的雄性不育的转育。在测交中发现辣椒黄绿苗96-140突变体(96-140YBM)有较强的雄性不育保持性、通过单株选择、连续回交转育,选育出了4个不育性稳定、园艺性状接近96-140YBM的辣椒雄性不育系96-140YBMA-n和相应的4个保持系96-140YBMB-n,并对不育系、保持系植物学性状进行了观测。 6.中晚熟杂交一代辣椒镇椒八号以长牛角椒自交系YBM96-140-2(黄绿苗)为母本,以甜椒椒自交系T9701为父本配制的一代杂交组合。镇椒八号为中早熟粗牛角形,杂交一代,果长15-20cm,横径4.4cm、果面光滑,单果重42.5g,果绿色,开展更多还原

【Abstract】 It had studied the genetic law of leaf color, biological characters, dynamic growth and heterosis of the green-yellow bud mutant in pepper. Researches had also been conducted on the purity identification of hybrids. Selection of cytoplasmic male sterile line and breeding of new varieties using the greenish-yellow character. Results were as follows:1. Yellow-green seedling mutant is a recessive mutant of pepper .The mutant stable yellow-green character, significant genetic character in seedling stage and seedling blight. It can be used in hybrid breeding and purity test of variety.2. The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the biological characteristics and growth trend between two pepper-96-140 yellow bud mutant（96-140YBM）and 96-140.The results showed, 96-140YBM were better not only in plant growth vigor, leaf , plant height and single fruit weight, but also in resistant levels to the phytophthora blight. 96-140YBM has a stable heredity and an obvious genetic mark character in seedling stage and a great value to breeding and hybrid test purity.3. An observation was made on some characteristics of fruit in Fl generation by the 10 multiple combinations between 6 varieties of yellow-green seedling of hot pepper and 3 varieties of sweet pepper. The results indicated fruit length, flesh thickness and fruits/plant appeared heterosis in Fl generation. The over-parent heterosis of fruit length, flesh thickness and fruits/plant were 10.01%, 8.15% and 1.05%.4. The qualification of the hot pepper purity of inbred and hybrid using seedling stage leaf color mark technology and plant test was studied .The results indicated that two test resultsof seedling stage leaf color mark technology and plant test had obvious correlation. Correlation coefficient is 0.9556. So seedling stage leaf color mark technology can be regards as the reliable method of Hot pepper test purity.5. Research and application of cytoplasmic male sterility （CMS） can promote utilization of heterosis in pepper-96-140 yellow bud mutant （96-140YBM） . In this study, the male sterile cytoplasm of hot pepper lines was transferred into the 96-140YBM ones through repeated backcross and individual selection. Four 96-140YBM CMS lines: 96-140YBMA-n with stable male sterility and horticultural performance similar to the original inbred line 96-140YBM were developed, as well as their corresponding maintenance lines 96-140YBMB-n.6. Zhenyan No.8 is a middle-late pepper F₁ Hybrid developed by crossing the self-line YBM96-140-2 with the self-line T9701 selected from Gansu Jiuquan .the fruit of the variety is ox-horn in shape with length of 15cm,shoulder diameter of 4.5cm flesh thickness of 0.40cm,green in color and good quality. Zhenyan No.8 is suitable to be grow in plastic greenhouse in Changjiang reaches and south China, the average weight per fruit is 42.5g,yield is 3545⁴200kg /667m2.更多还原