【作者】 柴梦颖；

【导师】 张绍铃； 李秀根；

【作者基本信息】 南京农业大学 ， 种植， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 本文以生产上主栽的黄金梨、新世纪、新高、鸭梨等十六个梨品种为材料,对影响其坐果率的一些因素如花粉量、花粉发芽率、植物内源激素等进行了研究,结果如下: 1.对16个供试梨品种的花粉量、花粉发芽率及授粉受精结实性研究的结果表明:幸水、新世纪、美人酥等花粉量多;鸭梨、早美酥、中梨1号等花粉量中等;八月酥、新高、红太阳等花粉量少。在最适宜的10%的蔗糖水培养液中,美人酥、红香酥、鸭梨等的花粉发芽率达70%,新世纪花粉发芽率最低,只有30.0%;早美酥、七月酥、中梨1号三个品种自交授粉受精结实率很高,而其它供试品种自交结实率都较低;各品种间异花授粉受精结实高,都在70%以上。 2.对梨品种亲缘关系很近的早美酥、中梨1号、七月酥等进行的花粉发芽率、花期调查、自交亲和性、异交亲和性调查的结果表明:三者的花粉在10%的蔗糖液培养基上,24℃左右培养4h后花粉发芽率均能达到60%以上;三者的花期大都集中在4月3日-10日(2003年);早美酥、中梨1号、七月酥的自花授粉坐果率,除中梨1号的花序自花授粉座果率为48.3%,花朵自交座果率为33.1%外,早美酥、七月酥的花序自交座果率和花朵自自花授粉座果率均达到90%以上;它们的异花授粉坐果率更高,在本试验中花序坐果率和花朵坐果率都可达到94%以上,但最终采果率自花授粉的相对低一些,果实平均种子数也低,异花授粉的最终采果率和果实平均种子数与自然授粉条件下的近似。可见梨品种间亲缘关系相近并不影响早美酥、中梨1号、七月酥等三个早熟梨品种间的相互授粉受精,即它们相互授粉的亲和性都较强。 3.摸索出了一套步骤简洁、操作便利、精确度高、适合于测定梨幼果中IAA与ABA含量的气相色谱分析技术体系,为研究梨授粉受精后雌蕊组织及幼果中激素含量变化的规律奠定了基础。 4.采用气相色谱法对不同品种自花授粉后到第一次生理落果期梨雌蕊组织或幼果中的IAA、ABA含量变化进行了研究。结果表明:鸭梨、砀山酥梨、长寿等自交不亲和性品种与七月酥、早美酥自交亲和性品种在自交授粉后至生理落果期雌蕊组织或幼果内的IAA含量变化表现出不同的规律;而自花授粉24 h-72 h,亲和与不亲和品种之间的ABA含量变化趋势不同,自花授粉72 h后至第一次生理落果亲和与不亲和品种幼果内的ABA含量则表现出相同的变化规律。这表明不同梨品种自花授粉后雌蕊组织及幼果中的内源激素含量及其平衡状态可能与最终的授粉受精效果有关。更多还原

【Abstract】 The paper used sixteen pear cultivars as materials, these cultivars including Huangjin、 Shinseiki、 Xinggao、 Ya pear et al which mainly planted in production. We investigated some internal factors effecting their pollination and fertilization, these factors included pollen quantity、 pollen germination percentage、 seed-setting 、 plant internal hormone and so on. The results as follows:1) Through studies on pollen quantity、 pollen germination percentage and seed-setting of these sixteen cultivars. Results: pollen quantities of Kohsui、 Shinseiki、 Meirensu et al were high; pollen quantities of Ya pear、 Zaomeisu、 China pear 1 et al were middle; pollen quantities of Bayuesu、 Shinseiki、 Hongtaiyang were lowest. At optimum liquid culture medium composed of 10% sucrose, pollen germination percentages of Meirensu 、 Shinseiki、 Ya pear were 70%, that of Shinseiki was the lowest, only 30.0%; seed-settings of Zaomeisu、 Qiyuesu、 China pear 1 were very high, but those of the others were lower when they were self-pollination and fertilization; seed-settings were all more 70% when they pollinated between varieties.2) We studied pollen germination percentage 、 florescence research、 self-compatibility and cross-compatibility among Zaomeisu、 China pear 1 、 Qiyuesu et al which relation was near. The results suggest: the three culturals’s pollen germination percentage were more than 60% 4 h after cultured in liquid culture medium composed 10% sucrose, 24℃; Florescence most concentrated April third-tenth (2003); For Zaomeisu and Qiyuesu ,their anthotaxy and flower self setting fruit percentage were more than 90%,except for China pear 1, anthotaxy self setting fruit percentage was 48.3%, flower self setting fruit percentage was 33.1%; Their cross-compatibility was higher, anthotaxy and flower self setting fruit percentage almost reached 100%, the lowest also reached 94.9%, but last self-compatible gathering fruit percentage was lower comparatively and fruit average seed numbers were lower, while cross-compatible gathering fruit percentage and fruit average seed numbers were closed to that of nature pollination. It was obvious that closed pear relation did not affect pollination and fertilization between Zaomeisu、 China pear 1、Qiyuesu et al, it was to say that cross-compatibility between them was high.3) We groped a set of gas chromatography system which had simple process 、 convenient manipulation、 high precision and was fit for determining the content of IAA and ABA in pear young fruits. This settled base of studies on changing rule of hormone content in pear pistil tissue and young fruits after pollination and fertilization.4)We used gas chromatography to study the quantity of IAA and ABA in pear young fruits of different varieties from self-pollination to first physiological fruit-falling period. The results were following: For Self-incompatible cultivars such as Ya pear、 Dangshansu、 Changshou and self-compatible cultivars such as Qiyuesu、 Zaomeisu, the changing rule of IAA content in young fruits showed different from self-pollination to physiological fruit-falling period. But the trend of ABA content between compatible and incompatible cultivars, 24 h-72 h after self-pollination, was different; while that, from 72 h after self-pollination to first physiological fruit-falling period, showed the same changing rule. These results suggested that internal hormone content and balance of pistil tissue and young fruits might be related with final effect of pollination and fertilization after self-pollination among different pear culturals.更多还原