【作者】 王莉芳；

【导师】 姜东； 曹卫星；

【作者基本信息】 南京农业大学 ， 作物栽培学与耕作学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 戊聚糖是小麦籽粒中重要的组分之一,主要存在于细胞壁中,因其特殊功用而受到国内外广泛关注。目前国内外对戊聚糖结构、作用机理和性质等方面都有比较深入的认识,而生态因子和栽培因素对小麦籽粒戊聚糖含量及其合成的调控技术报道甚少。本研究选用不同类型的专用小麦,在不同生态点,不同栽培措施下（水分、肥料、播期、库源）,研究了小麦籽粒戊聚糖含量及积累动态特征,以期为深化小麦籽粒戊聚糖形成机制研究和小麦调优栽培技术的确定提供理论依据。 研究共涉及3方面试验。 试验1:主要研究小麦基因型与生态因子对小麦籽粒戊聚糖含量的影响。2000～2001年在江苏省6个生态点进行,选用品种为江苏省推广面积较大的强筋小麦品种皖麦38和徐州26、中筋品种淮麦18和扬麦10号、弱筋品种扬麦9号和宁麦9号。 试验2:主要探讨生态因子与播期对小麦籽粒戊聚糖含量的影响。2001～2002年分别在河北保定、江苏徐州和姜堰3个生态点进行,设适播与晚播两个播期处理。供试品种为徐州26、皖麦38和徐州25。 试验3:研究主要栽培措施对小麦籽粒戊聚糖含量及积累的影响。（1）:不同库源条件下小麦籽粒戊聚糖含量的变化:2002～2003在南京农业大学网室水泥池中进行。供试品种为徐州26和扬麦9号。设置去穗（剪去顶端1/3穗）和去旗（剪去全部旗叶）两个处理。（2）:花后干旱和渍水下氮素对小麦籽粒戊聚糖含量的影响:2002～2003年在南京农业大学卫岗试验站网室配有防雨蓬的水泥池中进行。供试品种为徐州26和扬麦9号。设置三个水分处理:对照、干旱和渍水。每个水分处理均设置两个施氮水平处理:纯氮120 kg·hm^-2和240kg·hm^-2。（3）:不同氮磷钾肥处理下小麦籽粒戊聚糖含量及积累动态特征:氮肥试验于2003～2004年在江苏省苏州市昆山进行。供试品种为扬麦9号和宁麦9号。设置6个氮肥水平(纯氮0、60、120、180、240、300kg·hm^-2)和五个基追比（8:2、7:3、7:2:1、6:4、5:5）。磷钾肥试验于2003～2004年在南京农业大学卫岗试验站水泥栽培池内进行。供试品种为宁麦9号和扬麦10号。设置4个磷素（P₂O₅）水平(0、60、120、180 kg·hm^-2)和4个钾素（K₂O）水平(0、75、150、225kg·hm^-2)。 主要研究结果如下:更多还原

【Abstract】 Pentosan is one of the major components in wheat grains, which mainly presents in cell-wall of grain coat. Both foreign and native scientists paid much attention on wheat pentosan because of lots special functions pentosan owned. The structure, functional mechanism and properties had been widely studied. To date, however, knowledge involved in pentosan is limited, besides impacts of environmental factors and cultivation practices on content and accumuation of pentosan. In the present study, different wheat varieties were grown at different ecological environments with different cultivation practices (water stresses, fertilizer, sowing dates , soure and sink) to study the regulatory efforts of genotype, environment and cultivation practices on content and accumulation of pentosan. The results should help clarify pentosan accumulation mechanism and provide regulatory approaches for super quality wheat. Total three experiments were established as:Experiment 1: Six wheat varieties of Wanmai 38, Huaimai 18, Yangmai 9, Xuzhou 26, Yangmai 10, Ningmai 10 were grown at six representative ecological sites in Jiangshu as Ganyu, Hai’an, Jiangyan, Jintan, Yandu, Wujiang in the 2000 ~ 2001 season. The aim of this experiment was to study genotypic and ecological effects on pentosan content.Experiment 2: Three wheat varieties of Xuzhou 26, Wanmai 38, Xuzhou 25 were grown at three ecological environments in China as Baoding (115.4°E, 38.8°N), Xuzhou (117.2°E, 34.4°N) and Jiangyan (120.1°E, 32.5°N) in the 2001 ~ 2002 season. Two sowing dates as optimal and late sowing were designed at each site to study variation in pentosan content with sowing date and ecological environment.Experiment 3: Effects of different cultivation practices on pentosan content and accumulation in wheat grains were studied. No1: Two wheat varieties as Xuzhou 26 and Yangmai 9 were grown in cement boxes in Nanjing Agricultural University in the 2002 ~ 2003 season. Treatments of ear-removal (one-third head was cut) and flag leaf-removal (the whole flagleaf was cut) were designed for each variety. The aim of this experiment was to investigate changes in pentosan content under varied conditions of sink and source. No2: Two wheat varieties, Xuzhou 26 and Yangmai 9 were sown in cement boxes in NAU. Three water treatments were established, i.e. RSWC (relative soil water content) was maintained at 70 ~ 80% as control, at 45 ~ 50% as drought and maintained a water layer of 1 ~ 2 cm above ground as waterlogging. For each water treatment, two nitrogen rates were set, i.e. 120 kg N ·hm-2 and 240 kg ·hm-2. the aim of this study was to evaluate effect of nitrogen on content of pentosan in grain of wheat grown under water stresses of drought or waterlogging.No3: Low protein content wheat varieties of Yangmai 9 and Ningmai 9 were grown in Kunshan, Suzhou City Jiangsu Province in 2002 ~ 2003. Six nitrogen rates were used for each variety, as 0, 60, 120, 180, 240 and 300kg N · hm-2. At N rate of 180 kg N · hm-2, five ratios of basal to topdressing N were designed as 8:2, 7:3, 7:2:1, 6:4 and 5:5. The aim of this experiment was to study response of pentosan accumulation pattern to nitrogen application methods. Ningmai 9 and Yangmai 10 were planted in cement boxes in NAU in the growth season of 2003 ~ 2004. Four phosphorus rates as 0, 60, 120and 180 kg P2O5· hm-2 and four potassium rates of 0, 75, 150 and 225 kg K2O · hm-2 were use for each variety. The aim of this experiment was to study response of pentosan content and accumulation to phosphorus and potassium rates.The main results were as follows:Effect of genotype and ecological environment on pentosan content in wheat grains Pentosan content in wheat grain was not only dependent on genotype but also on environmental factors. Contents of total N and available P showed insignificant positive effects, while contents of organic matter and available K showed insignificant negative effects on pentosan content. Close relationship between pentosan content and weather conditions after anthesis was observed. The correlations be更多还原