【作者】 熊沈学；

【导师】 刘文斌；

【作者基本信息】 南京农业大学 ， 特种经济动物饲养， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 为了探讨低聚木糖(Xylo-oligosaccharides,XOS)在水产养殖生产中的应用效果及其作用机制,本研究选用一龄异育银鲫鱼种作为试验动物,进行了三部分试验: 试验一 选用120尾一龄异育银鲫鱼种,随机分成4组,第1组为对照组,饲喂基础日粮,第2、3、4组在基础日粮中分别添加0.005%、0.01%、0.02%低聚木糖(XOS),饲养45天,分别测定鱼体的增重率、肠道消化酶活性、肝胰脏消化酶活性。结果表明:在室内饲养条件下,XOS对异育银鲫鱼种的最适添加量为0.01%。添加0.01%XOS,与对照组比较,异育银鲫的增重率、肠道淀粉酶活性和肝胰脏蛋白酶活性都显著增加(P<0.05),超过此添加量,异育银鲫增重率、肠道消化酶活性、肝胰脏消化酶活性均有下降趋势。 试验二 选用90尾一龄异育银鲫鱼种,随机分成3组,第1组为对照组,饲喂基础日粮,第2、3组在基础日粮中分别添加0.02%地衣芽孢杆菌、0.01%XOS+0.01%地衣芽孢杆菌,饲养45天,分别测定鱼体的增重率、肠道消化酶活性、肝胰脏消化酶活性,进行肠道菌群分析。结果表明:在室内饲养条件下,添加0.02%地衣芽孢杆菌,增重率比对照组提高了75.94%,肠道蛋白酶和淀粉酶分别比对照组提高了24.43%(P<0.05)和58.56%(P<0.05),对异育银鲫肝胰脏酶活影响差异不显著。肠道芽孢杆菌、乳酸杆菌、大肠杆菌数量变化与对照组均显著性差异(P<0.05),芽孢杆菌、乳酸杆菌数量分别增加了8.86%、24.37%,大肠杆菌数量减少了9.23%。添加0.01%低聚木糖和0.01%地衣芽孢杆菌混合物后,异育银鲫的增重率比对照组提高了80.72%(p<0.05),肠道淀粉酶活性提高了55.92%(P<0.05),肠道蛋白酶活性和对照组差异不显著,肝胰脏蛋白酶活性显著提高了82.02%(P<0.05),肝胰脏淀粉酶差异不显著(P>0.05);芽孢杆菌数量比对照组减少了2.80%(P>0.05),乳酸杆菌数量增加了4.52%(P>0.05),大肠杆菌数量与对照组差异显著,其数量降低了10%(P<0.05)。 试验三 选用2100尾一龄异育银鲫鱼种,随机分成7组,第1组为对照组,饲喂基础日粮,第2～7组为试验组,分别在基础日粮中添加0.01%低聚木糖、0.02%低聚更多还原

【Abstract】 The study was conducted to examine effects and the mechanism of action of xylo-oligosaccharides(XOS) in diets in aquaculture. One-year-old AUogynogenetic Crucian Carp fingerling was selected as test animal in the study. The paper included three experiments:In the first experiment, 120 one-year-old AUogynogenetic Crucian Carp fingerlings (average initial weight ,17g) were randomly allotted into four treatments for 45 days. Treatment 1 was the control group fed with the basal diet, the others were the treated groups fed with diets containing 0.005%, 0.01%, 0.02% XOS respectively. The weight gain ratio and digestive enzyme activity in intestinal canal and in hepatopancreas were determined.The results showed 0.01% was the optimal adding dosis for one-year-old AUogynogenetic Crucian Carp fingerling under the indoor farm environment.Containing 0.01% XOS in the basal diet, weight gain ratio, intestinal amylase activity and proteinase activity in hepatopancreas of AUogynogenetic Crucian Carp fingerling increased significantly(p<0.05).Surpass this adding dosis, the weight gain ratio and digestive enzyme activity in intestinal canal and in hepatopancreas showed descending tendency .In the second experiment,90 one-year-old AUogynogenetic Crucian Carp fingerlings (average initial weight ,17g) were randomly allotted into three treatments for 45 days. Treatment 1 was control group fed with basal diet, group 2 and group 3 were the treated groups fed with diets congtaining 0.02% Bacillus licheniformis,combination of 0.01% Bacillus licheniformis and 0.01% XOS respectively. The weight gain ratio, digestive enzyme activity in intestinal canal and in hepatopancreas and the intestinal flora’s populations were determined. The results showed, adding 0.02% Bacillus licheniformis ,the weight gain ratio,intestinal digestive enzyme activity of AUogynogenetic Crucian Carp fingerling increased by 75.94%, 24.43% (P<0.05) and 58.56% (P<0.05) respectively under the indoor farm environment,had no significant effect on digestive enzyme activity in hepatopancreas.The alteration of the intestinal flora’s populations differed significantly from the control group ( P<0.05 ) .The populations of Bacillus licheniformis andLactobacillus increased by 8.86%、 24.37% respectively.The Colibacillus’ population decreased by 9.23%.Adding the combination of 0.01% XOS and 0.01% Bacillus licheniformis, the weight gain ratio, the intestinal amylase activity and the proteinase activity in hepatopancreas increased by 80.72%, 55.92%, 82.02% respectively.The intestinal proteinase activity and the amylase activity in hepatopancreas increased by 16. 05%, 16.55% respectively (P>0.05).The Bacillus licheniformis’ population decreased by 2.80% and the Lactobacillus’ population increased by 4.52%.The Colibacillus’ population decreased by 10%.In third experiment, 2100 one-year-old Allogynogenetic Crucian Carp fingerlings (average initial weight ,107g) were randomly allotted into seven treatments for 85 days. Treatment 1 was control group fed with basal diet, the others were the treated groups fed with diets containing 0.01% XOS, 0.02% XOS, 0.01% XOS+0.01% Bacillus licheniformis, 0.01% XOS+0.01% Bacillus licheniformis +0.03% multiplex oligsaccharides,0.005% XOS +0.005% Bacillus licheniformis +0.05% multiplex oligsaccharides, 0.005% XOS +0.005% Bacillus licheniformis +0.025% multiplex oligsaccharides +0.05% extrinsic compound enzyme preparation respectively.The weight gain ratio, intestinal digestive enzyme activity, digestive enzyme activity in hepatopancreas , immune performance and hepatopancreas indices were determined.The results showed , the weight gain ratio of Allogynogenetic Crucian Carp fingerling didn’ t increase fed with diets containing XOS under the pond farm environment.The intestinal digestive enzyme activity,proteinase activity in hepatopancreas and activity of serum Lysozyme Allogynogenetic Crucian Carp fingerling increased significantly fed with diets containing 0.01% XOS. the amylase activity in hepatopancreas decreased and activities of serum SOD, serum ACP, seru更多还原