【作者】 周华；

【导师】 徐迎春； 董凤祥；

【作者基本信息】 南京农业大学 ， 园林植物与观赏园艺， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 紫叶核桃（Juglans rogia ‘Violct’）是新发现的核桃的一个种内变异品种,具有较高的观赏价值,在园林绿化土具有广阔的开发前景。但目前其繁殖技术尚不过关,直接制约了良种的推广应用。子苗砧嫁接技术、容器育苗以及根控技术是紫叶核桃工厂化育苗的核心技术。但子苗砧嫁接存在砧木质量不高,嫁接愈合的环境较难控制等问题;有关容器育苗以及化学控根技术尚缺乏研究。本文通过对紫叶核桃子苗砧嫁接过程申砧木培育、接穗利用、愈合环境、移栽方式等各环节的研究,以及子苗生长期、嫁接愈合期的生理基础及形态解剖分析,总结出紫叶核桃子苗砧嫁接的标准化操作规程;通过对容器育苗条件下容器规格、基质配比、砧木的培育、嫁接的方法,以及不同化学控根剂的根控效果等方面的研究,为紫叶核桃的容器控根育苗技术提供基础资料,最终为紫叶核桃的工厂化育苗提供技术支持及理论依据。 试验于2003年-2005年在北京市门头沟区科技开发实验基地进行,主要研究结果如下: 1、砧木培育:研究结果表明,播种前采用赤霉素（GA₃）500mg·L^-1,1000mg·L^-1,2000mg·L^-1、萘乙酸（NAA）200mg·L^-1,500mg·L^-1,800mg·L^-1浸泡种子,GA₃2000mg·L^-1能显著提高砧木上胚轴粗度;子苗出土后摘心对砧木上胚轴的增粗也具有显著性。子苗砧木生长32-38天,刚长真叶至真叶数1-2片左右时,体内IAA、GA₃、ZR含量与IAA/ABA比值相对较高,适宜嫁接;生长59天后的子苗,上述指标有较大幅度下降,已不适合嫁接。 2、接穗利用:取用不同粗度（0.8cm以下,0.8-1.2cm,1.2cm以上）,不同芽数（单芽,多芽）接穗进行嫁接,结果表明,接穗粗度在1.2cm以下在嫁接成活率上无显著差异,单芽与多芽间有显著性差异。 3、嫁接愈合环境条件选择:通过不同温度（14℃,20℃,26℃,32℃,变温）、基质含水量（35%,41%,48%,55%）,通气性（打洞,不打洞）条件下的嫁接成活率对比试验,发现愈合环境控制在温度26℃或变温（20-30℃）,基质含水量为41%或48%,箱上打洞,嫁接成活率高;而温度为14℃或32℃,基质含水量为35%或55%时,箱上不打洞,嫁接成活率低。 4、嫁接愈合过程:嫁接前5天,砧木愈伤组织基本不产生,砧木体内可溶性糖含量、蛋白质含量、IAA含量、GA₃含量、ZR含量、IAA/ABA值降至最低点;接后5-12更多还原

【Abstract】 The violet leaf walnut(Juglans regia ’Violet’) is a new variety of walnut, which has potential for use as ornamental tree in landscape. Difficulties in propagation limit straightly the spread and application of the violet leaf walnut. The techniques of grafting seedling, container seedling and root control are the core of factory-cultivated seedling. But the problems of walnut seedling grafting are the seedling quality and the environment control of grafting uniting process.The techniques of container seedling and root control are short of study. In this paper, we find out the standardization operation regulations of violet leaf walnut grafting by the experinments of stock cultivation, scion utilize, union environment, transplant method during the grafting process and the study on physiological and morphological of seedling growth and uniting process. We also offer the information for container seedling with root control by the experiments of container size, media, stock cultivation, grafting method, root control effect. The paper will provide technique guide and scientific foundation for the factory-cultivated seedling of violet leaf walnut.The integrated experiments were carried out in science and technology exploiture base of Beijing mentougou during 2003-2005. The main results were as follows:Stock cultivation: The results showed that the treatment with 2000mg·L-1GA3 dipping seeds increased significantly the diameter of epicotyl of stock in various treatments with GA3500mg·L-1, 1000mg·L-1, 2000mg·L-1 and NAA200mg·L-1 500mg·L-1 800mg·L-1. Pinching also increased significantly the epicotyl diameter of stock. The young seedling which the leaves expanded 1 -2 was adapted to graft with the high contents of IAA, GA3, ZR and IAA/ABA when the seedling grow 32-38 days old. But the seedling is difficulty to utilize grafting for the seedling 59 days old.Scion utilization: The scion which varies diameter at under 0.8cm, 0.8-1.2cm, above 1.2cm and bud at one and more has been done grafting experiments. The results showed that there was no significant difference between under 0.8cm and 0.8-1.2cm , but the significant difference existd between the scion of one bud and more buds.The union environment: The experiments were carried out in different condition with temperature (14℃,20r,26℃,32℃,20-30℃ ) and media humidity(35%,41%,48%,55%) and oxygen content(hole, no hole) of different grafting survival rate. The best survival rate wereobtained from the environment of temperature at 26℃ and 20-30℃, the media humidity at 41% and 48% with the holes in box. The lowest survival rate were the environment of temperature at 14℃ and 32℃, the media humidity at 35% and 55% without hole in box.The uniting process: There was almost no callus formation and the contents of soluble sugar, protein content, IAA,GA3,ZR and IAA/ABA of stock were bottom out inside 5 days of grafting. After that, the mass callus of stock began to form and the physiological index all rised. In 15-18 days after grafting, the stock sprout grew and the contents of soluble sugar and protein of stock decreased. The callus of stock and scion were connected and transport tissue formed. The entire union process was completed. The content of soluble sugar and protein began to fell and the grafting seedling should be transplanted in time.The container seedling condition: We did the experiments of stock seedling cultivation with the different size container (13cm× 13cm, 19cm×26cm, 15cm×25cm, 10cm×30cm, 18cm ×18cm, 16cm×16cm) and media (loess, peat, peat: loess =2:1, loess: peat =2:1). There are the perferable option of 15cm×25cm container size and peat: loess =2:1 media for the seedling growth by the investigation and comparison of biomass of seedling including height, basal diameter, upground and underground fresh weight, upground and underground dry weight, main root length, lateral root number.Stock cultivation and grafting method in container: The effects of different seeding time( middle of Feb., Early of Mar., Middle of Mar., Early of Apri., Middle of Apri.,更多还原