【作者】 于峰；

【导师】 马永欣；

【作者基本信息】 西安建筑科技大学 ， 结构工程， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 目前我国对现有建筑物可靠性的鉴定所用标准与法规基本属于实用鉴定法范畴。该方法是在传统经验法基础上发展起来的,它克服了传统经验法的缺点,充分利用现代检测仪器和测试技术,运用概率论和数理统计理论。首先对所调查建筑的子项目进行描述、分析、计算和必要的试验研究,作出单项评估,然后由专家对所得子项目进行全面的分析论证,最后作出综合评估。该方法只能给出现有建筑物目前状态的评价情况,而无法给出现有建筑物继续服役的失效概率,但作为可靠性鉴定法的基础,实用鉴定法仍被我国的有关标准和法规所采用。 可靠性鉴定法目前正处于研究阶段,已编制出的关于建筑物可靠性鉴定的标准、规程,尚需进一步积累经验方能达到实用阶段。在现有建筑物的评定标准中,仍存在不少问题,例如:一些规定只用语言描述,很难掌握评定的分寸;等级划分是人为划出几个区间,每个区间作为一个等级,这样在相邻区间的边界处相差很小的两个量可能被划为不同的等级,常常造成难以克服的矛盾。为克服传统建筑物可靠性评价方法和评价结果较为粗糙的缺点,本文提出了利用模糊综合评判原理,对现有钢筋混凝土结构进行可靠性评估,并为建立相应的专家系统奠定基础,以使建筑物可靠性的鉴定工作更加合理。 本文详细论述了模糊性、模糊概念、相对隶属度、贴近度等基本概念,提出利用模糊数学原理,选用建筑物可靠性评价结果分界线的模糊改造,构造隶属函数来描述建筑物可靠性的分级。根据层次分析法的原理,建立多层次的综合评估模型,结合专家经验和研究成果,将指标层和项目层评估分级标准化,考虑各组成部分对评估结果的贡献,通过逐层评估对现有混凝土结构进行综合评估,以确定建筑物的可靠性等级。作为实例,本文对马鞍山钢铁公司第三轧钢厂的办公楼进行了评估。更多还原

【Abstract】 Nowadays, the standard and rules of reliability appraisal of existing buildings in our country belong to practical appraisal. The method of practical appraisal is developed from the traditional appraising method; it overcomes the shortcomings of the method of experiences evaluation, fully uses modern detection instrument and test technique, applies the theory probability and mathematical theory of statistics and regards the computer as tools. Experts describe, analyze and compute the index items of investigated buildings, give each component’s evaluation and conclude comprehensive appraisal of all index items from their overall analysis and argument. This method only can give the evaluation of present state of existing buildings, not predict the failure probability of the existing and servicing buildings. But as the basis of the method of reliability appraisal, the method of practical appraisal is still used in our country’s standard and rules.The method of reliability appraisal is on the research stage; the standard and rules of reliability appraisal about existing buildings have been drawn up. However, much more experiences are needed to reach practical stage. For example, some provisions are described only by language. It’s very difficult to handle appropriately in appraisal; several intervals were personally given in grade classification, then each interval was classified as a grade. Two little different numbers may be classified different grade in the border of adjacent interval, which caused insurmountable contradiction. In order to overcome un-precision shortcomings that exist in the traditional method of building reliability appraisal. The method of fuzzy comprehensive appraisal is provided to evaluate the reliability of the existing reinforced concrete structure in this paper. It lays the foundation for establishing expert system correspondingly.Fuzziness, fuzzy concept, and theory of membership degree are detailed in this paper, the method by using fuzzy mathematics principle, to choose the fuzzy modification of boundary line of building reliability appraisal and to construct the function of membership更多还原