【作者】 陈永峰；

【导师】 李青宁； 荆俊峰；

【作者基本信息】 西安建筑科技大学 ， 建筑与土木工程， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 煤矸石是煤炭行业特有的固体废弃物,自燃矸石山严重污染环境,威胁广大职工和周围群众的身体健康,是矿区最主要的大气污染源之一。 阳煤集团矸石山堆积量大,灭火难度大,矸石山自燃常年不断,污染严重。大气监测结果表明,矸石山周围大气中CO与SO₂的浓度超标现象严重,尤其是矸石山上SO₂的浓度可达到数十mg/m³,超过国家大气质量三级标准浓度限值数十倍。 自燃矸石山的治理技术可分为防与治两个方面。在如何防止矸石山发生自燃方面,国外主要产煤国家如前苏联及美国积累了较多的经验,国内矸石山灭火技术起步较晚。国内外矸石山的灭火方法主要有（1）火源挖除法:在矸石的自燃处,挖出高温矸石,原处填入黄土或冷却后的矸石。（2）注浆法:将灭火浆液注入火区,通过水分的蒸发带走大量热量,使矸石迅速冷却,同时浆液中的惰性成分包裹在矸石表面形成隔氧层,防止矸石的进一步氧化。（3）覆盖法:将黄土等惰性物质覆盖在矸石山表面,隔绝空气,待矸石山内部的氧气消耗完后,使之自然熄灭。 本文通过对国内外煤矸石自燃防治技术进行调查,采用理论分析和实验测试的方法,研究了阳泉矿区矸石山煤矸石的低温氧化反应、矸石山中氧气传输途径及对自燃的影响、临界风速;研究了矸石的成分、粒度分布、吸氧量、吸氧速度;测试了矸石和黄土在不同状态下的渗透率,分析影响矸石供氧条件的因素;通过分析石灰、黄土两种不同注浆材料的物理化学性质,测试其沉降率、粘度及阻燃性能,确定注浆材料的优化配比和不同灭火方法的工艺参数;实施了以碾压覆盖为主辅以局部注浆的综合性灭火工程,并取得较好效果;在预防矸石山着火方面,通过分析防止矸石自燃的基本途径,针对阳泉矿区矸石山自燃的内因与外因,提出了保持矸石山不复燃的防范措施。 本项目的研究对我国的矸石山灭火工作及排矸工艺改革具有极为重要的现实意义,对改善阳泉矿区空气质量,保护生态环境有十分重要的作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 Gangue is a peculiar solid waste material of the coal mining industry. The igniting gangue mountain is the main air pollution sources of mining district, it not only pollutes the environment severely, but also threatens the health of workers and other people.The deposit quantity of igniting gangue of Yang Mei Group is very large, it is burning all the year and is difficult to be put out.The contamination monitor shows that the density of CO and SO₂ in the atmosphere around the gangue mountain has seriously beyond several ten times of Grade-3 standard density limit of national atmosphere quality.The harness technology of the ignition gangue mountain can be divided into two classes. How to protect gangue mountain from igniting, the main countries of coal production in the world, such as the Soviet Union and so on, have accumulated a wealth of experience. The development of this technology in our country is slow. There are three main methods of put out a fire in the gangue mountain: （l）the method of digging fire souce off. The high temperature gangue was digged out from the ignition spot and then yellow soil or cooling gangue was filled up.（2）The method of the thick liquid was stuffed.The thick liquid being used to put out the fire was poured into the fire area and the moisture content was eraporated with a lot of the quantity of heat to cold the gangue quickly.At the same time.the gangue surface was covered by the inert element in the thick liquid and the Oxygen was separated so the gangue couldn’t be oxidized forward. （3）The method of covering.The gangue’s surface was covered by the yellow soil and inertia material to separate the air,while the Oxygen in the gangue was run up off to make the fire die out naturally.With the diagnoses of the igniting protecting technologies in the world and the methods of theory combined with experiment, a series problems relating to gangue ignition in Yang Quan Mine area are studies. The concrete research contents include: the oxidation of gangue in low temperature, the influence on ignition of oxide transportingavenue, the component, particle distribution, quantity and velocity of oxide absorbing. The penetrability ratio of gangue and yellow soil in different condition are tested, and the factors affecting oxide absorbing of gangue are analyzes. On the base of analyzing the physical and chemical characteristic of lime and yellow soil that are the injecting materials, and testing of deposit ratio, conglutination and igniting protecting quality, optimized ration of injecting material and technical parameter of different igniting protecting method are obtained.The composite ignition protecting project of mainly cover with auxiliary injection in local area is carried out, and the effect is preferable. On the aspect of protecting gangue from burning, the basic method is analyzed. According to the inner and outer reason of ignition of gangue in Yang Quan mine district, some protecting measures is put forward.This research has a realistic significance for the work of putting out the fire on the gangue mountain and the reform of discharging gangue technologies. There would be a very important function for improving air quality of Yang Quan Mine area and protecting ecological environment.更多还原