【作者】 张昆；

【导师】 季浏；

【作者基本信息】 华东师范大学 ， 体育人文社会学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 目标设置理论认为,明确的、有一定难度、具有挑战性但又能够达到的目标能够增强行为动机。目标设置对自我效能和体育成绩具有重要的影响。本文以目标设置理论为基础,在高中二年级学生体育课的特定情境下,以仰卧起坐为活动任务,通过设置不同的目标难度,来探讨目标难度与自我效能、体育成绩的关系。 在本实验研究中,选取的被试年龄为16岁至17岁,其中男同学92名,女同学106名,共198名。按照不同的目标难度,将被试随机分为容易目标组、困难目标组、不现实目标组和“尽力做好”组。所有被试在三周时间里,共进行三次测试。每次测试需要完成一分半钟的仰卧起坐,并填写一份自我效能问卷。 本研究的实验采取4*3(目标难度和实验次数)重复测量的实验设计。研究结果表明,对测试成绩而言,不同难度的目标组和时间没有显著的交互作用,但时间对测试成绩具有明显的主效应。单变量的比较结果表明每一周的测试成绩都有显著提高。不同目标组的自我效能存在显著差异,同时组别和时间对自我效能具有显著的交互作用。自我效能对测试成绩有直接的影响作用,是目标设置影响成绩的中介变量。 尽管本研究通过设置目标激发了学生的活动动机,使他们在一分半的时间内尽可能的多做仰卧起坐,但是每一个学生可能都设立了自己个人提高的目标,这一目标实际上是最为重要的目标。因此,希望后继的研究能对个人自我设置目标进行更加深入地探索。更多还原

【Abstract】 Goal setting theory suggests that goals enhance motivation, they should be specific, and at a level of difficulty that is challenging but attainable. It is important that goal setting influence self-efficacy and performance. This study was designed to investigate the effects of different goal difficulty setting on performance and self-efficacy, and to explore their relationships. One hundred and ninety-eight middle school students were recruited for this study in three weeks. They were randomly grouped into one of four goal groups: Easy, difficult, unrealistic and "do your best" group. The participants completed one and a half minute sit-up test. The test was performed three times with one week between each test. Participants also completed a six-item self-efficacy questionnaire to assess self-efficacy. The performance tests were analyzed in a 4 X 3(Goal Conditions X Trials) ANCOVA design, with a repeated measure on the last factor and baseline performance as the covariate. Results of the data analysis revealed no significant interaction but a significant main effect for difference in performance over time. Univariate results showed that performance improved significantly each week. The results indicated there were significant main effects of time (3 weeks) and interaction of time by group for self-efficacy. Self-efficacy influenced performance directly and was the mediator of goal setting influencing performance. As participants in the present study were already motivated toward doing sit-up, it is possible that each individual had a personal goal to improve their performance, and this became the most important goal. So the future research should involve a more thorough investigation of the type of goals that individuals set themselves.更多还原