【作者】 陈建国；

【导师】 王铮；

【作者基本信息】 华东师范大学 ， 地图学与地理信息系统， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 区位分析是地理学的重要研究内容,设施区位分析作为传统区位分析的一个发展,正是当前学术界研究的热点。传统的地理学区位分析主要是在宏观尺度上进行,大多数时候是定性分析;设施区位分析主要是从中观甚至微观尺度上来研究区位问题,通常是采用可计算模型进行定量计算。设施区位分析与地理信息系统的结合,特别是与空间分析的结合是学科发展的必然趋势。 本文从新增设施区位模型、网络设施区位模型以及Voronoi图与市场分割模型等三个方面研究了设施区位分析的可计算模型,并在此基础之上进行了实现,构建了设施区位分析的系统原型。 我们所采用的设施区位模型都是通过把经典运筹学模型与GIS的空间数据模型整合得到。区位本身就是一个空间的概念,因此不能抛开空间数据模型,单纯从运筹学角度来规划设施区位。空间分析功能一直都是GIS系统的薄弱环节,设施区位问题的可计算分析功能可以作为GIS的空间分析功能的一个重要实现,它增强了GIS的空间分析功能。本文中的新增设施区位模型、网络设施区位模型和Voronoi图分割市场的模型都具有很强的实用性和广泛的应用范围。 在系统需求分析的过程中,我们分析了系统的模型特征和用户特征。我们认为模型是整个系统的核心部分,算法的实现以及数据结构的组织都是建立在模型分析的基础之上。在王铮(1993)提出的GIS需求分析模式的基础上,我们根据软件工程理论新的发展,提出需求分析要兼顾系统的目标和地学原理。在系统开发的前期还要对软件的用户特征进行分析,所开发出的系统才能满足用户的需求。 在模型实现的算法方面,我们都采用了成熟的空间运筹算法。软件系统的稳定性和可靠性是其赖以生存的根本,只有采用成熟的算法才能保证计算结果的有效性和可靠性,重新开发新算法在时间上和经济上都不是最好的选择。设施区位的计算问题是属于NP完全问题,其大规模的最优化问题还是很难解决的,我们采用了启发式搜索法来求解此类问题。因此在算法设计方面能够达到系统设计的目标。 在对用户需求分析的基础上,我们进行了系统设计。在系统界面设计的过程中,我们采用传统的Windows界面,力争做到界面友好,简捷方便易用。因此我们选用了Borland公司的可视化开发语言Delphi和ESRI公司的GIS二次开发控件MapObjects以及栅格图像处理控件Image来进行用户界面设计。为了让系统具有很好的可重用性和可扩展性,我们采用了模块化的设计思想来设计各个设施区位的模型,这样以后无论是修改还是进行功能扩展都是很方便的。更多还原

【Abstract】 Location analysis is very important in geography. As a branch of location, Facility location is now an important topic in research field. The traditional location analysis in geography is most in macro-scale and qualitative analysis, but facility location is most in micro-scale and quantitative analysis. It is an inevitable trend of connection of facility location with geographic information system, special spatial analysis.In this paper, we classify the facility location into three kinds. They are 1) Insert new facility 2) Network facility location 3) Voronoi diagram and facility location. On the basis of these models, we research the algorithm and implement them.Firstly, we classify Insert new facility with existing one competitive facility and existing more than one competitive facility. When there is only one existing competitive facility, the request distribute among the facilities according to an exponential function. We develop an iterative algorithm to calculate the new facility’s coordinate. In the test, the facility’s coordinate are convergent gradually, so we get the best location.We use the classical operational research models and introduce the GIS spatial data models into the operation research models. Location is a spatial conception, so facility location can not be solved without spatial data model. Spatial analysis has been the weakness of GIS for a long time, facility location as an implementation of spatial analysis improves the spatial analysis ability of GIS. The models propose in this paper is very useful and can be used in many fields.Then we process the demand analysis, which is one of the most important works of developing system, on the basis of software engineering theories. We propose that models are the core of the entire system, which are basis of the algorithm and the data structure. We amend the GIS demand analysis of Wang et al (1993), and propose that the demand analysis should consider the objective and the geographical principle. Before develop the system, we analysis the character of the users. So the software we develop can match the users demand.We use the mature algorithm to implement the models, so the reliability of software is very good. The reliability and the stabilization is important character of the software. The new algorithms should be tested for a long period for its reliability, so develop new algorithm is not suitable. The computation of facility location belongs to NP hard problems, so it is difficult to solve its calculation of large scale. We use the heuristic algorithm to solve this problem. So the design of the algorithm matches the aim of the system.We design the system on the basis of the demand analysis. We pursue a friendly user interface, so we use the traditional Windows interface. And we adopt the visual program language Delphi and GIS tool MapObjects to develop the software. At last, we design the facility models on the basis modularity, so the software can be expanded and reused easily.Finally, on the basis of insert new facility model, network facility location model, Voronoi diagram model, we use Delphi and GIS controls Mapobjects which based on ActiveX technology to develop facility location software.The facility location software can be used to analysis the location problems in our lift. We use the software to analysis the location of retail store, garbage, emergency facility, bank et al. Because of the property of the facilities is variable, so we use the correspond models to solve the problem.更多还原