【作者】 周永奎；

【导师】 陈立侨；

【作者基本信息】 华东师范大学 ， 动物学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)俗称河蟹,隶属于甲壳纲(Crustacea),十足目(Decapoda),方蟹科(Crapsida),绒螯蟹属(Eriocheir),是我国特有的水产珍品。广泛分布于我国东南部沿海的咸淡水或淡水水域中,北起辽河、南至瓯江均有出产,而以长江流域所产品质最佳,其营养丰富、肉味鲜美、风味独特,倍受国内外市场青睐。河蟹人工育苗技术的突破和发展、养蟹技术的进步,推动了我国养蟹业的迅猛发展,并成为我国淡水渔业中的主要增养殖经济动物之一。 河蟹养殖业的迅猛发展,迫切需要生产出大量体格健壮的河蟹养殖苗种。已有研究证明,要生产出大量健壮河蟹苗种,获得性腺发育良好的河蟹亲体是关键,而当食物的数量和质量不能很好的满足河蟹亲体性腺发育所需时,会极大的影响亲体的生殖性能、胚胎发育乃至后续自营养阶段幼体的发育过程,因此,河蟹的亲体营养成了河蟹育苗的关键因素。本实验通过在饲料中添加维生素E、β-胡萝卜素和微量元素铬,投喂河蟹亲体,研究其对河蟹的繁殖性能和生理特性的影响,研究结果如下: 1.饲料中添加维生素E和β-胡萝卜素对中华绒螯蟹繁殖性能、抗氧化能力的影响 以平均体重为65±5g的雌性河蟹亲体为实验对象,研究了饲料中添加维生素E和β-胡萝卜素对河蟹的繁殖性能、组织中维生素E和β-胡萝卜素含量、组织中脂肪酸组成、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活力的影响。在基础饲料中添加维生素E醋酸酯和β-胡萝卜素,分别设高剂量和低剂量水平,以投喂基础饲料为对照组,每个处理设3个重复,每个重复15只河蟹,实验为期24周左右。结果表明:低剂量β-胡萝卜素和高剂量维生素E添加组的性腺指数显著比其它组高(P<0.05),饲料中添加了维生素E和β-胡萝卜素的实验组的相对繁殖力高于对照组,而其孵化率显著高于对照组(P<0.05),高剂量添加组又显著高于低剂量组(P<0.05);随着饲料中维生素E和β-胡萝卜素的添加以及添加量的增加,河蟹肝胰腺、卵巢和肌肉组织中的维生素E和β-胡萝卜素含量也呈上升趋势,且维生素E和β-胡萝卜素的添加显著的提高了组织中维生素E和β-胡萝卜素的含量(P<0.05),高剂量添加组又显著高于低剂量组(P<0.05);添加了维生素E和β-胡萝卜素的饲料提高了肝胰腺和卵巢中单不饱和脂肪酸和多不饱和脂肪酸的百分含量,降低了饱和脂肪酸的百分含量,且维生素E的添加组的脂肪酸的百分含量多于β-胡萝卜素组;添加了维生素E和β-胡萝卜素的处理组的SOD和CAT活性比未添加组的显著性低(P<0.05)。更多还原

【Abstract】 The Chinese mitten-handed crab（Eriocheir sinensis） is considered to be one of specific aquaculture species in China which belongs to Crustacea, Decapoda, Crapsida,Eriocheir. Eriocheir sinensis is widely distributed and cultured in China for its abundant nutrition, delicious taste, specific flavor and high market value. Breakthroughs in development of artificial cultured in seedling, technical improvement of farming skill, have contributed to the advancement of this industry.The rapid growth in Eriocheir sinensis aquaculture has created a demand for reliable supply of healthy juveniles of Eriocheir sinensis. Considerable research has indicated that the key is to get Eriocheir sinensis broodstocks with fine gonad. Reproduce performance, embryo development and juvenile will be hardly affected for there is no quantity and quality guarantee in food supply. So broodstock nutrition of Eriocheir sinensis is critic in artificial cultured in seedling. We made a study the effects of dietary vitamine E, P -carotene and chromium supplementary on broodstock nutrition and reproduce performance of Eriocheir sinensis. The results are as follows:1. Effects of Dietary vitamin E and P -carotene on Reproduce Performance and Tissue Antioxidant Performance of Eriocheir sinensisA feeding experiment was conducted to examine the effects of dietary vitamin E and P -carotene on reproduce performance, the fatty acid composition ,the activities of SOD and CAT of tissues of female Eriocheir sinensis broodstocks with average weight of 65±5g. The basal diet was supplemented with vitamin E and 3 -carotene at low supplementary and high supplementary, respectively, to formulate five experimental diets. The diets were fed to Eriocheir sinensis for more than 24 weeks. Each treatment was stocked with 15 crabs and was run in triplicate per treatment. The results indicated: GSI was significant higher in low 3 -carotene and high vitamin E supplementary groups than other groups（P<0.05）.The relative reproduction ability was higher in vitamin E and 3 -carotene supplementary groups than the control group. The hatch rate was significant higher in vitamin E and β -carotene supplementary groups than the control group（P<0.05）,and in high supplementary groups than low supplementary groups（P<0.05）.The vitamin E and 3 -carotene contents in hepatopancreas,ovary and mussle improved as dietary vitamin E and β -carotene supplementary increased. The vitamin E and β -carotenecontents was significant higher in vitamin E and P -carotene supplementary groups than the control group（P<0.05）,and in high supplementary groups than low supplementary groups（P<0.05）;The contents of MUFA and PUFA in hepatopancreas and ovary were higher in vitamin E and β -carotene supplementary groups than the control group. The contents of fatty acid was higher in vitamin E supplementary groups than β -carotene supplementary groups.The activities of SOD and CAT were significant higher in vitamin E and β -carotene supplementary groups than the control group（P<0.05）.In conclusion, dietary vitamin E and β -carotene can assemble to some extent in tissues of Eriocheir sinensis. Vitamin E and P -carotene in tissues can play a role in antioxidant performance and pretend eggs and PUFA of tissues and diets from oxidating. So the reproduce performance and fecundity of Eriocheir sinensis were able to be improved to some extent.2. Effects of Dietary Chromium on Reproduce Performance, Metabolism of Lipid and Carbohydrate, Non-specific Immunity and Stress Resistance of Eriocheir sinensisA feeding experiment was conducted to examine the effects of dietarychromium on reproduce performance, metabolism of lipid and carbohydrate, non-specific immunity, stress resistance of female Eriocheir sinensis broodstocks with average weight of 75±5g. The basal diets was supplemented with Cr-Met, Cr-Nia and CrCl₃ at 0,0.5,5mg/kg levers（as Cr）, respectively, to formulate seven experimental diets. The diets were fed to Eriocheir sinensis for 8 weeks. Each treatment was stocked with 10 crabs and was run in triplicate per tr更多还原