【作者】 霍九仓；

【导师】 朱希祥；

【作者基本信息】 华东师范大学 ， 文艺学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 蒋孔阳先生的美学思想和文艺思想是密切相关的,一般说来他正是站在美学的高度来审视文学艺术的。了解了他在美学研究上的思路,就不难理解他的文艺思想。 “劳动创造了美”,蒋先生以马克思思想为出发点对美进行了细致的探讨,他认为美不是静止不变的实体,而是存在于实践和创造的过程中,“美是人的本质力量对象化”。“对象化”是有规律可循的,“美的规律”就是要掌握“两个尺度”。艺术也是人的本质力量对象化,所以它的本质和美是一致的,“美的规律”也就是艺术的规律。缺乏想象力是当下文艺一大弊病,专注于平面化生活琐碎叙事和完全脱离生活的凌空高蹈是其两种表现。对前者应大力提高创作主体的精神品格和人文理想,对后者应鼓励创作者更加细致入微的观察体验生活。蒋先生关于“美的规律”的理论也许是拯救艺术想象力匮乏的一剂良药。 艺术是美的集中体现,它是通过艺术形象的方式来反映现实的。形象既有个别性也有普遍性,特别是典型形象,更是二者的辩证统一。蒋先生更倾向于二者在个性中的统一。蒋先生的典型观是在与各派争论中诞生的,对文艺创作更有指导意义,毕竟艺术创造是从生活中的个别形象入手的。当下文艺,非典型创作风行一时,消减了文艺的深刻性,弱化了对人生的反思,已为学术界所诟病。而今日社会的复杂性应该是典型创造的良机,倡导艺术中典型的创造将有助于艺术圣火重新在欣赏者心中燃烧。 蒋先生强调文艺反映现实生活的功能,但他从美学角度反观文艺,所以更注重文艺的特殊性,也就是文艺的审美功能,为其后的审美反映说提供了理论上的启示。 “人是世界的美”,美是为人存在的,美育就是为了培养全面发展的人,实现人所有的本质。蒋先生从人的本质出发探讨美,最后又回到了人本质的实现,为美的运行轨迹画上了一个圆满的句号。艺术是美的集中体现,美育主要通过艺术来进行。艺术坚决反对装丑和出丑,但生活中的丑可以变为艺术中的美。当下“消费文艺”泛滥,艺术商品化、娱乐化、欲望化、丑化趋势严重。有识之士看到了拯救艺术的重要性和紧迫性,喊出了高扬和重建“新人文精神”口号。蒋先生的美育思想和新人文精神的呼唤是一致的,对文艺的健康发展仍具有指导意义。 蒋孔阳先生对美、艺术、人生的思考是一致的,而现在的文艺却往往走极端,只注重某一侧面,重提蒋先生的理论在当下艺术领域无疑是富有价值的。蒋先生的理论中也存有偏颇和不完善之处,所幸他留给我们的是一个开放的体系,我们可以在批判中继承,在继承中发展,让先生的思想在新世纪里焕发出青春的光辉。更多还原

【Abstract】 Jiang Kongyang’s aesthetic thoughts are closely related with those on literature and art. Generally speaking, Mr. Jiang used to survey literature and art just from the aesthetic angle. It would be easy to understand Mr. Jiang’s thoughts on literature and art if we have a general idea about his thoughts on aesthetic research beforehand.Mr. Jiang probes seriously into beauty basing on Marxism~"Labour creates beauty". In his opinion, beauty is not a static and unchangeable entity, but makes its existence in the process of practice and creation. That is to say, "Beauty is the objectification of human’s essential capability ". Objectification has some rules to follow. "The rule of beauty" requires reaching "two standards". Since art is also the objectification of human’s essential capability, its essence is the same as that of beauty. Consequently, we may get the conclusion, "the rule of beauty" equals to "the rule of art". Lacking of imagination is considered to be a big weakness in literature and art, with two kinds of demonstrations—one is to have a strong concentration on the description about plane and trivial things in one’s life; the other is the groundless presentation far away from the reality. As for the former, the principal part of creation needs to enhance his spiritual quality and humanistic ambitions. To correct the latter, creators should be encouraged to observe and experience the real life more deliberately. Mr. Jiang’s theory about "the rule of beauty" may be an effective way to boost the art imagination.Literature and art is the concentrated exhibition of beauty, reflecting the reality through art images. Individuality and Generality are unified dialectically in art images, especially in typical images. Mr. Jiang prefers the unification in individuality than in generality. Mr. Jiang’s views on typical images derived from the discussions with the scholars of other schools, with more directive effects on literary creation. After all, the art creation starts with the individual images from the reality. Nowadays, though "Non-typical writing" gains great popularity, it is fiercely criticized by the academia for it results in reducing the profundity of art and weakening the rethinking on life. Presently, the complicated society provides a good opportunity for the creation of typical images, the advocating of which will help to get back adorers’ support.Mr. Jiang attaches great importance to the function of literature and art in reflecting the reality. And because he studies literature and art from his aesthetic viewpoints, he pays more attention to the particularity of literature and art—theaesthetic function of literature, which inspires the appearance of aesthetic reflection theory afterwards."Human is beauty of the world." indicates that beauty is bom for human. The aesthetic education aims at cultivating well-rounded people and realizing all the human essences. Mr. Jiang takes the human essence as the starting-point as well as the end-point for his research about beauty so that he gives a full development for beauty’s orbit. Literature and art are the centralized embodiment of beauty and the chief means to carry out the aesthetics education. Literature and art fight uncompromisingly against uglification and pretending to be uglified except the uglification in life which can be converted to the beauty in art. Nowadays "consumptive literature and art" are inundant with an obvious trend of commoditization, entertainment, appetency and uglification. Some men of insight find it’s important and urgent to save literature and art, as a result, they are calling for rebuilding and developing "neo—humanistic spirit", which is in common with Mr. Jiang’s thoughts of aesthetic education that is still significant for the sound development of literature and art.Mr. Jiang’s thoughts on beauty, art and life are consistent. However, the present-day art has a habit of being extreme and pays attention to only one aspect. Therefore, it’s undoubtedly valuable to bring up Mr. Jiang’s thoughts again for the art world. Admittedl更多还原