【作者】 宗寿余；

【导师】 汤述翥；

【作者基本信息】 扬州大学 ， 作物遗传与育种， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 本研究选用我国新近育成的9个籼型光温敏核不育系,以培矮64S为对照,对其在自然条件下的育性稳定性、育性转换特性及配合力进行了较系统地鉴定研究,以明确这些不育系在江苏的利用价值,为其开发应用提供参考依据。通过研究,取得以下几方面结果: 1、不育系的农艺性状 (1)供试不育系均为中籼稻类型,徐选S和208S为早熟中籼;Y3为迟熟中籼;GD-8S、GD-7S、02-142、W9593S、YW-2S、蜀光582S及对照培矮64S为中熟中籼。除引自辽宁的迟熟中籼Y3的感光性相对较强,其余不育系感温性、感光性与对照培矮64S相近。 (2)新不育系株高在64.8-92.8cm之间,株高适中;有7个不育系的有效穗数明显多于对照培矮64S,表明新育成的不育系在分蘖性上有明显改良。 (3)各不育系均有不同程度包颈,其中蜀光582S、GD-7S和W9593S包颈程度极显著轻于对照培矮64S。各不育系对“920”的敏感性存在显著差异,徐选S和208S喷施“920”后解除包颈的效果最好,其次为蜀光582S和培矮64S。 (4)GD-7S、02-142、W9593S和YW-2S柱头生活力下降较快,蜀光582S、GD-8S、徐选S、Y3和208S柱头生活力下降较慢。 (5)经与4个籼、粳测验种测交鉴定,02-142与对照培矮64S具有较好的广扬州大学硕士学位论文亲和性。 2、不育系的育性转换特性 (1)以套袋自交小穗育性蕊0.5%定为不育,10个不育系在南京均有稳定不育期。不育期超过3Od的有GD一85、培矮645、徐选S、02一142、2085,其余不育系不育期在ZOd以上。 (2)以套袋自交小穗育性0.5~10%时为育性转换期,大于10%时为可育期。GD一85、徐选S和Y3育性转换期相对较短,可育期较长,在南京可以繁殖;GD一75和YW一25可育期太短,在南京秋繁有一定困难;2085、培矮645、02一142、蜀光5825和w9593s在南京没有可育期,不宜秋繁,必须异地繁种。 (3)对花粉育性与抽穗前25~5d逐日日平均温度和日照长度的相关分析表明,10个不育系均为光温互作型不育系。培矮645、02一142和徐选S在抽穗前25一sd对温度都较敏感;YW一25、W95935、GD一85和2085大约在抽穗前20一sd对温度较敏感;Y3、GD一75和蜀光5825大约在抽穗前25一10d对温度较敏感。 (4)花粉育性与温度敏感期的平均温度及平均日长的关系符合二次曲线方 程,据此推算出02一142的临界温度为22℃,蜀光5825为23.6℃,培矮645、 徐选S、GD一75和2085的临界温度为24一25℃,GD一85、W95935、YW一25和Y3的 临界温度在25℃以上。徐选S的临界日长为13.20h,Y3为13.Ogh,其余不育 系的临界日长在12.60一12. 95h之间。 3、不育系的配合力 (1)播始历期、单株产量、相对日产量、结实率、单株穗数及每穗实粒数6个性状不育系的加性效应占有主导作用,穗长、着粒密度2个性状不育系加性效应的作用也大于恢复系加性效应和亲本互作的非加性效应,说明选育优良光温敏不育系对于两系杂交釉稻优势组合的选配是十分重要的。更多还原

【Abstract】 In this paper, 9 newly developed indica photo-thermo-sensitive genic male sterile lines (PTGMS) and Pei’ai64S (ck), one of the most popular indica PTGMS in two-line hybrid rice breeding in China, were used to study the characteristics of the response to temperature and day length, the sterile stability, the sterile alteration, the main agronomic traits, stigma vitality, combining ability and heritability were systematically studied as well, on the purpose of evaluating their breeding value in Jiangsu Province. The results were summarized as follows:1. Agronomic Traits(1) Compared with Pei’ai64S (ck), one of the elite PTGMS, the 9 sterile lines belonged to midripening indica rice, however, 208S and XuxuanS belonged to early midripening indica rice, while Y3 was a late one. GD-8S、 GD-7S、 02-142、 W9593S、 YW-2S and Shuguang582S, including Pei’ai64S (ck), belonged to midripening indica rice. The sensitivity to light and temperature of those sterile lines were closed to Pei’ai64S (ck) except for Y3, originated from Liaoling province, which showed more sensitive to light than temperature.(2) The plant height of those sterile lines ranged from 64.8 to 92.8cm. As forpanicles per plant, there are 7 sterile lines obviously exceed to Pei’ai64S (ck), which showed that the tillering ability of newly-developed sterile lines were greatly improved.(3) Of all 10 PTGMS, the closure of panicle in Shuguang582S, GD-7S and W9593S were significantly less than Pei’ai64S (ck). There are significantly difference in sensitive to GA3 in all 10 PTGMS, the enclosure of panicle in XuxuanS and 208S were most effective by the use of GA3, then Shuguang582S and Pei’ai64S (ck).(4) The stigma vitality of the new PTGMS was strongest on the exactly flowering day, came up to 44.5 %~ 86.0%, and there were considerable vitality after flowering 2-4 days; Of all ten PTGMS, the stigma vitality of Shuguang582S, GD-8S, XuxuanS, Y3 and 208S were stronger than Pei’ai64S (ck), while GD-7S, 02-142, W9593S, and YW-2S were less strong than Pei’ai64S (ck).(5 ) With the 4 indica /japonica test variety identified, 02-142 and Pei’ai64S (ck) were concluded as wide-compatibility lines.2 Characterization of Fertility Alteration(1) On the base of bagged self-pollination, the fertility of the sterile lines were classified into three types as complete sterile(<0.5%), partial fertile(0.5~10%) and fertile(>10%). All Of 10 tested sterile lines showed completely sterile in the period from late July to early September. The stable sterile periods of GD-8S, Pei’ai64S (ck), XuxuanS, 02-142 and 208S in Nanjing region were longer than 30 days, and the rest lines were longer than 20 days.(2) GD-8S, XuxuanS and Y3 showed relatively shorter fertility alteration stage and longer fertility stage, those sterile lines can reproduce themselves in Naning in Autumn; GD-7S and YW-2S showed too short fertility stage, so reproduce themselves in Naning for favorable yield might be difficult; while Shuguang582S, W9593S, 208S,02-142 and Pei’ai64S (ck) have no fertility stage in Naning, therefore they must reproduce themselves in another suitable growth region for higher yield.(3) Time sequencing correlation analysis between pollen fertility, daily mean temperature and day length of 25-5d before heading indicated that all 10 sterile lines were sensitive to day length and temperature. XuxuanS, 02-142 and Pei’ai64S (ck) were sensitive to daily mean temperature of 25-5d before heading; YW-2S, W9593S, GD-8S and 208S were sensitive to daily mean temperature of about 20-5d before heading; while Y3, GD-7S and Shuguang582S were 25-10d before heading.(4 ) The relationship between pollen fertility, daily mean temperature and day length during sensitive time were accorded with equation of curvilinear regression of second degree in suitable range. On the base of quadratic curve equation, critical point temperature (CPT) and critical point day length (CPDL) of fertility alteration in 10 PTGMS were estimated. The CPT of 02-142 and Shuguang582S was 22°C and 23.6°C; respectively; while that of XuxuanS, GD-7S,更多还原