【作者】 周兰胜；

【导师】 戴其根； 张洪程；

【作者基本信息】 扬州大学 ， 作物栽培学与耕作学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 2002～2004年,在江苏省扬州大学试验农牧场,以狗牙根、马尼拉两种草坪草为试验材料;以土表铺沙厚度构建0cm、5cm、10cm、15cm、20cm、25cm6种坪床结构;以践踏器设置对照、轻度、中度和重度4个践踏强度(分别为每天来回践踏0次、1次、3次和5次),每次践踏过程为20天;并辅助设置了每天不同人工践踏次数处理:系统研究了不同品种草坪草、不同坪床结构配方对践踏胁迫的响应。试验结果如下: 1.坪床结构和践踏强度对草坪形态特征的影响 1.1 高度。土表铺沙厚度5～15cm坪床结构的草坪草层高度在践踏后比践踏前略高,全土处理的草坪草高度比践踏前略低,而土表铺沙厚度超过20cm的坪床结构的草坪草高度比践踏前明显低矮。随践踏强度的增加,草坪高度降低明显。 1.2 生物量。狗牙根的地上部生物量随土表铺沙厚度的增加而减少,根重则是随土表铺沙厚度的增加而增加;不同践踏强度间,草坪地上部生物量差异显著,践踏强度对草坪根重的影响较小。草坪草的茎节数、节间长度、叶片长度均是全土处理最大,但是茎节数随土表铺沙厚度的增加而增加,节间长度是土表铺沙厚度在5cm较大,叶片长度是土表铺沙厚度在5～10cm较大;草坪草的茎节数、节间长度、叶片长度均是随践踏强度的增加而减少,重度践踏胁迫下,分别比对照减少20.1%、26.9%和33.4%。 马尼拉草坪的地上生物量、根重、叶片重量和长度均是土表铺沙厚度在5～15cm处理>其他坪床结构处理。草坪草层高度、叶片含水量、叶片的长度是不践踏处理和轻度践踏处理>中度践踏处理>重度践踏处理;叶片的重量、地上部和地下部的生物量则呈现:轻度践踏处理>不践踏处理>中度践踏处理>重度践踏处理。 1.3 盖度。两种草坪的盖度均呈现土表铺沙厚度在5～15cm处理>全土处理>土表铺沙厚度超过20cm处理。狗牙根草坪的盖度是随践踏强度的增加而减少,重度践踏胁迫下,仅有土表铺沙厚度在10cm处理草坪的盖度维持在90%以上;而马尼拉草坪的盖度在不践踏和轻度践踏间差异较小,且两者都显著大于中度2扬州大学硕十学位论文践踏,而中度践踏又显著大于重度践踏。在重度践踏胁迫下,仅有土表铺沙厚度在5一巧cm处理的盖度维持在90%以上。 1.4色泽。狗牙根和马尼拉草坪的反射率是土表铺沙超过20 cm的处理>其他坪床处理。狗牙根草坪反射率是重度践踏、不践踏>中度践踏>轻度践踏。马尼拉一草坪反射率是重度践踏>不践踏、中度践踏>轻度践踏。1.5恢复期生长速度。狗牙根草坪在践踏结束后巧天内的生长速度表现为:不践踏<重度践踏<轻度践踏<中度践踏;不同坪床结构的草坪草,其恢复期生长速度表现为:土表铺沙超过20 cm处理<其他处理。2.坪床结构和践踏强度对草坪生理特征的影响2.1 SOD酶活性。在践踏10天时,随着践踏强度的增加,草坪草的SOD酶活性逐渐增加;在践踏20天时,从不践踏到中度践踏,草坪草的SOD酶活性逐渐增加,在重度践踏胁迫下,草坪草的SOD酶活性出现大幅下降;在恢复10天后,轻度践踏胁迫下,其SOD酶活性出现下降趋势,而中度和重度践踏胁迫下又逐渐上升。2,2 POD酶活性。狗牙根草坪的过氧化物酶(POD)活性,在土表铺沙厚度为25 cm和10 cm处理下表现为:践踏20天>恢复10天>践踏10天,而全土处理则表现为践踏加天>践踏10天>恢复10天。 马尼拉草坪的过氧化物酶(POD)活性,在土表铺沙厚度为25 cm和1 0 cm处理下表现为:践踏10天>践踏20天>恢复10天,而全土处理则表现为践踏10天>恢复10天>践踏20天。2.3 CAT酶活性。随着践踏强度的增加,草坪一草的CAT酶活性逐渐降低。不同坪床结构间,狗牙根草坪草表现出了土表铺沙厚度为10 cm处理>全土处理>土表铺沙厚度为25 cm处理:而马尼拉一草坪则表现为全土处理>土表铺沙厚度为10cm处理>土表铺沙厚度为25cm处理。3.坪床结构和践踏强度对草坪坪床理化性状的影响3.1容重。各坪床0一5 cm土层容重的差异不显著;5一10 cm土层狗牙根一草坪的土壤容重随土表铺沙厚度的增加而增加,马尼拉则在土表铺沙厚度为15cm处理处更多还原

【Abstract】 Bermudagrass and Manilagrass were planted in 6 types turf-bed in 2002, which were trampled by 4 trampling intensities during 2002 to 2004 in Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province. The main results showed as follows: 1.The effects of turf-bed and trampling on the Morphologic indice1.1 Turfgrass height The turfgrass height in the turf-bed which have 5-15 cm sand above soil is taller after being trampled than before. The turfgrass height in the turf-bed which have more than 20 cm sand above soil is lower than before and that of the turf-bed of totally soil is have little difference between trampling stages.1.2 Biomass The biomass over ground of Bermudagrass will decrease and the root weight increase as the sand layer above soil, become thicker. The number of node, the length of internode and the leaf length in the turf-bed which have no sand above soil is biggest. But the number of node will increase as the sand layer become thicker, The internode length in the turf-bed which have 5 cm sand layer above soil is the biggest while the leaf length in the turf-bed which have 5-10 cm sand layer is the biggest. The internode length, the leaf length and the number of node will increase as the trampling intensities become stronger.The biomass of Manilagrass over ground, root weight and the length and weight of leaf in the turf-bed which have 5-15 cm sand layer above soil is bigger than that of others. Medium and Heavy trampling intensities will decrease the height, the water content of leaf, the length of leaf and the biomass.1.3 Cover rate The cover rate of both turfgrass in the turf-bed which have 5-15 cm sand above soil is bigger than that of others. The cover rate will decrease as the trampling intensities become stronger.1.4 Reflectivity The reflectivity in the turf-bed which have more than 20 cm sand layer above soil is bigger than that of any other treatment.1.5 Growth rate in the convalescene after being trampled Growth rate in the convalescene after being trampled in the turf-bed which have more than 20 cm sand above soil is smaller than that of other turf-beds.2. The effects of turf-beds and trampling intensities on the physiology indice2.1 The activity of SOD changes under different turf-beds and trampling intensities The activity of SOD will increase as the trampling intensities become stronger after being trampled 10 days. The activity of SOD increase from Ck to Medium trampling intensities, but it will drop when being trampled heavily.2.2 The activity of POD changes under different turf-beds and trampling intensities The activity of POD will increase as the days being trampled become longer. The activity of POD in totally soil in the convalescene is bigger than that of being trampled 10 day while that in the turf-bed which have 10 and 25 cm sand layer above soil is smaller than that of being trampled 10 day.2.3 The activity of CAT changes under different turf-beds and trampling intensities The activity of CAT will decrease as the trampling intensities become stronger. The activity of CAT of Bermudagrass in turf-bed which have 10 cm sand above soil is bigger than that in other turf-beds and that in the turf-bed which have 25 cm sand layer above soil is the least. The activity of CAT of Manilagrass will decrease as the sand above soil become thick.3. The effects of turf-beds and trampling intensities on the physics character of soil3.1 Soil bulk density The soil bulk density will become bigger as the soil layer become deeper. The soil bulk density in 0-5 cm layer soil have little difference among 6 turf-beds, The soil bulk density of Bermudagrass in 5-10 cm layer will become bigger as the sand above soil become thicker, while that of Manilagrass will have a gorge in the turf-bed which have 15 cm layer sand above soil.3.2 Soil hardness The soil hardness in Bermudagrass of 5~15 cm layer soil in the turf-bed that totally soil is the biggest and that in the turf-bed which have 5 cm sand above soil is the least. The soil hardness of 15-20 cm layer soil in the turf-bed that totally soil and have more than 20 cm sand更多还原