两难中的政治家

【作者】 唐慧玲；

【导师】 焦文峰；

【作者基本信息】 扬州大学 ， 教育学原理， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 《政治家篇》是柏拉图晚期的一部著名的政治学作品,其主题是为真正的政治家做出界定。界定的过程经历了二分法、神话引用、编织事例类比三个阶段,在此基础上分别形成了关于政治家的逻辑范围、根本前提和性质内容,并最终完成了对真正政治家的界定。然而,事实上真正的政治家与哲学王一样是属于理念形态的,他们并不存在于现实中,真正具有现实意义的是现实中的政治家。于是,柏拉图在界定政治家的过程中,又着重对现实政治家的统治进行了讨论。其中,关于现实政治家依法统治的思想在柏拉图的整个政治思想发展中占据重要地位,它不仅实现了由《国家篇》(即《理想国》)到《法篇》(即《法律篇》)的思想过渡,而且是柏拉图政治思想现实化的重要标志。另外,按照文中所述,现实政治家编织国家之网的过程是十分复杂的。这种复杂性不仅表现为政治家的行为将受到既定原则、方式、步骤、目标的制约,而且在编织的过程中,他们常常面临着各种各样的两难处境。具体而言,这些两难主要表现为理想与现实、理性与自由、国家与个人、伦理与政治关系上的矛盾和冲突。这些两难处境单就《政治家篇》而言是很难理解的,但如果我们把这一情况放置在柏拉图的整个政治思想体系之中进行考察,对此就可获得一个更为清晰的理解。柏拉图界定政治家的过程也是其不断深化政治理解的过程,该篇所表现出的柏拉图在理念世界与现实世界之间进行的政治融合、哲学与政治相互交织的政治哲学思想以及政治安排的理性精神都对后世产生了深远的影响。更多还原

【Abstract】 " Statesman " is the well-known works in Plato’s late years .It’s theme is to give a definition to the true statesman. The definition comprises three phases: dichotomy, mythodology quotation and analogy of the art of weaving, whereupon come into being the statsman’s logic confines, root premise and characteristic contents. And eventually the true statesman is defined. However, just as the philosopher is an ideological concept, so is the statesman. They both do not exist in reality, in which only practical politician exists. Therefore, Plato focuses on the discussion on the reign of practical politicians in his defining the real stateman, in which the thought of ruling in conformity with legal provisions occupies a very important position in his development of political ideology. This thought is not only the ideological transition from " the Republic " to " Laws ", but also a crucial symbol of actualization of Plato’s political ideology. In addition, according to the narration of the dialogue, the practical politician’ s real job is very complicated. This complexity manifests not only that their behavior is restricted by the set principle, mode, approach and objective, but also that they are often forced to be in various dilemmas. To be exact, these dilemmas are mainly the conflicts between ideality and reality, logos and liberty, state and individual, ethics and politics.These dilemmas to be comprehended alone in " Statesman " are not likely digestible, but if put in the whole system of Plato’s political ideology, they are rather more apprehensible. Plato’s process of defining the real statesman is the one of his deepening his comprehension on politics. The representation of the political introjection between ideal and real world, interaction of the philosophy and politics, rational spirit of expatiating politics in this works have far-reaching influence upon the afterworld.更多还原