【作者】 李凌；

【导师】 李欧；

【作者基本信息】 中国农业大学 ， 社会学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 中国的粮食安全对世界的粮食安全产生举足轻重的影响,日益严峻的水资源短缺问题已成为威胁粮食安全的一个至关重要的因素。随着人口增长、工业扩张和城市化步伐的加快,水资源尤其是农用水资源面临着尤为严重的短缺形势,如何解决水资源短缺问题已引起国际社会的极大关注。考究用水历史可以发现,无论是在中国,还是在世界其他国家,传统上解决水资源短缺问题总是求助于工程和技术的手段,而运用管理制度和政策的手段来解决水资源短缺问题在很长时期没有引起政策制定者和管理工作者的足够重视。研究灌溉管理体制及其变迁的影响因素,寻求科学合理的灌溉管理体制,是十分必要的和有意义的。 我国在上个世纪90年代中期,引进参与式灌溉管理(Participatory Irrigation Management,PIM)的概念,先后在湖南铁山灌区、河北石津灌区等世界银行支持的大型灌区项目以及安徽霍山的淠源渠等工程加以试点,并取得成功。到2004年10月,全国有22个省市成立了约6000个用水户协会,但其中运作基本正常的大概不到1/3,不少的协会处于瘫痪或半瘫痪状态。运转不正常的原因是多方面的。但是在大量的农村实地调查中,研究者发现,相关利益主体的互动关系状态、各方职责的转换和角色定位,是影响用水户协会的健康发展和参与式灌溉管理体制发育的重要、而又研究远远不够的因素。 研究者通过在湖南铁山灌区井塘协会的实地调查,发现参与式灌溉体制的建设需要在不同利益主体之间建立一个合理的利益协调和分配机制,而相关利益主体角色的错位或缺位其间关系的交叉、矛盾是制约参与式灌溉管理体制发育的关键。井塘协会的诞生和发展过程中,相关利益主体之间在动态的互动中达到了平衡、并获得了各自的利益,促进了灌溉管理体制的变迁。研究者在此基础上,分析研究了参与式灌溉管理体制发育的趋势和制约因素,提出了建议,指出要逐步建立促进利益群体良性互动的有效干预机制,促进相关利益主体的角色定位和参与式灌溉管理体制的改革进程。更多还原

【Abstract】 China’s food security plays a very important role to the food security in the world. And the increasingly severe shortage of water resources has become one of the most significant factors threatening the food security in China. Along with the population increase, industrial expansion and speeding-up of urbanization, the water resources, especially the water for agricultural uses are facing an extremely serious situation of shortage. Therefore, how to resolve the problem has attracted great attentions of the international society. By tracing the history of water uses, it could be found that no matter in China or in the other countries of the world, traditionally the engineering and technical means or measures had usually been applied to deal with water shortage, while the management institutional and policy ones had not been paid enough attention by the policy makers and the administrators for a long period. Therefore, it will be very necessary and significant to study the irrigation management institution and the influence factors on its evolution, and seek for a scientific and rational institution for the irrigation management.In the middle of 1990s, the concepts and approach of Participatory Irrigation Management (PIM) was introduced into China, by the World Bank funded large scale irrigation projects such as in Tieshan/Hunan Province and Shijin/Hebei Province Irrigation Districts and the Piyuan Canal rehabilitation project financed by the CNPAP (China Netherlabds Poverty Alleviation Project) in Hunan/Anhui Province, and gained the successes. Till October in 2004, there had been about 6, 000 Water User Associations (WUA) established in 22 provinces. However, only less than 1/3 of them were under normal operation. The others were in the paralytic or semi-paralytic situation. There are quite a lot of causes for that. However, the author found, through his field study in the rural area, that the situation of interactions among the relevant stakeholders, the transformation of their responsibilities and the locationing of the roles are the important but far less studied influential factors on the healthy development of WUAs and institional development of PIM.The author found, through the field study on Jingtang WUA in Tieshan Irrigation District, Hunan Province, that a rational mechanism of interest’s coordination and distribution among the relevant stakeholders is needed to establish for the institutional development of PIM, and that the wrong locationing or absense of their roles, the overlaping or conflicts in their relations are the key constraints to the institutional development of PIM. During the process of establishment and development of Jingtang WUA, the relevant stakeholders had gained and balenced their respective interests through the dynamic interactions, and the institutional evolution of the irrigation management got promoted. On such bases, the author further studied the trends of, and constraints to, the institutional development of PIM, and proposed the recommendations that the effective mechanism of intervention needs to be gradually established to promote the benign interactions among the stakeholders, proper locationing of their roles, and transform process of PIM institutions.更多还原