【作者】 马钊；

【导师】 倪元颖； 李景明；

【作者基本信息】 中国农业大学 ， 农产品加工与贮藏工程， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 洋葱是亚洲国家传统的药食两用植物,含有多种生理活性成分,在预防和治疗各种疾病方面有着非常独特的效果。用于加工和提取洋葱精油产生的废料含有的多糖被认为是洋葱具有的多种功效成分之一,从其中提取多糖以够提高洋葱产品的附加值并能达到对原料的综合利用的目的。 本论文研究了洋葱多糖的检测方法、热水浸提法、除蛋白工艺以及提高免疫力功能,实验结果如下: (1)优化了热水浸提洋葱多糖的提取工艺。研究了提取时间、提取温度和料液比对洋葱多糖得率的影响,确定了热水浸提法提取洋葱多糖的最佳工艺参数为:提取时间为4h,提取温度为70℃,液料比为1:25。在上述提取条件下,水提法提取洋葱多糖得率可达到4.236%。 (2)确定了sevag法去除洋葱多糖中游离蛋白的最佳工艺条件。研究了sevag试剂的添加量、氯仿与正丁醇体积比以及除蛋白次数对除蛋白效果的影响,确定了sevag法去除洋葱多糖蛋白的最佳工艺条件为:每次添加sevag的量为多糖溶液体积的1/2,氯仿与正丁醇的体积比为4:1,除蛋白次数为3次。 (3)对洋葱多糖提高免疫力的功能进行鉴定。通过对小鼠进行高、中、低三个剂量的灌胃,结果表明:低剂量组小鼠迟发性超敏反应强度提高48.57%(p<0.05),半数溶血值提高23.08%(p<0.05);中剂量组小鼠迟发性超敏反应程度提高50%(p<0.05),抗体细胞生成数量提高39.62%(p<0.05),半数溶血值提高26.5%(p<0.05),巨噬细胞吞噬率提高62.5%(p<0.05);高剂量组小鼠迟发性超敏反应强度提高55.71%(p<0.05),巨噬细胞吞噬率提高81.25%(p<0.01),巨噬细胞吞噬指数提高84.09%(p<0.05)。 (4)采用预防性高脂模型实验方法,经口给予大鼠不同剂量的洋葱多糖30天后,与模型对照组比较:洋葱多糖在低、中、高三个剂量组能降低SD大鼠血清血清甘油三酯的含量(P<0.05);低剂量组能降低SD大鼠血清总胆固醇的含量(P<0.05);低、中剂量组能升高SD大鼠血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇的含量(P<0.05)。 根据降血脂功能的判定方法可得出结论:低剂量组的洋葱多糖能够预防SD大鼠血清总胆固醇含量的升高;低、中、高三个剂量的洋葱多糖能够预防SD大鼠血清中甘油三酯含量的升高;低剂量组的洋葱多糖能够预防SD大鼠血脂的升高,具有预防高血脂症的作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 Onion （Allium cepa L.） is a traditional drug-food herb in Asia, it has a special effect on the prevention and curing of many diseases. The polysaccharide in the waste produced after manufacturing of onion is one of the biologically active contents, to extract polysaccharide from the waste can enhance the appendix value and made thorough use of the material.In this dissertation the detection method, the water extraction method, the protein removal method and the immune function were studied. The results were summarized as follows: （l）The optimal condition for the extraction of onion polysaccharide by hot water was established. The effects of extraction time, extraction temperature and material to water ratio on the yield of onion polysaccharide were investigated. The optimal parameters were: extraction time 4h, extraction temperature 70℃ and material to water ratio 1:25, the yield of onion polysaccharide reached 4.236% under the condition established.（2）The optimal condition of the removal of protein in the onion polysaccharide was established. The effects of the quantity of sevag reagent, the chloroform to n— butyl ethanol ratio and time of removal were investigated. The optimal parameters of the removal of protein in the onion polysaccharide were: the quantity of sevag reagent 1/2, the chloroform to n—butyl ethanol ratio 4:1 and the removal time 3.（3）The immune function of onion polysaccharide was approved. The result showed that the DTH value increased by 48.57% （p <0.05） and the HC₅₀ value increased by 23.08% （p <0.05） in the mice fed in low dosage team; the DTH value increased by 50%（ p <0.05）, the PFC amount inceased by 39.62%（ p <0.05） and the HC₅₀ value increased by 26.5%（ p <0.05） in the mice fed in medium dosage team; the DTH value increased by 55.71%（ p <0.05）, the annex rate of macrophages increased by 81.25%（ p <0.01） and the annex index of macrophages increased by 84.09%（ p <0.05） in the mice fed in high dosage team.（4）By the method of hyperlipemia prevention, low, medium and high-dosage of onion polysaccharide could prevent the increase of TG concentration in SD mice serum （P<0.05）; low-dosage onion polysaccharide could prevent the increase of TC concentration in SD mice serum（P< 0.05）; low, medium-dosage onion polysaccharide could increase HDL-C concentration in mice serum（P< 0.05）. Low-dosage of onion polysaccharide could prevent the increase of blood lipid concentration and had the function of hyperlipemia prevention.更多还原