三元共聚高吸水纤维的制备及其保湿膜的初步研制

【作者】 张爽；

【导师】 邓新华；

【作者基本信息】 天津工业大学 ， 材料学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 高吸水纤维是在高吸水树脂的基础上发展起来的一种功能性纤维。高吸水纤维具有吸水能力和保水能力强,吸水后仍具有较好的强度,能保持纤维吸水后的完整性,而且易于加工的特点,因此高吸水纤维应用前景广阔。目前只有少数几个发达国家能过生产高吸水纤维,在国内高吸水纤维的研究正处于初级阶段。 本课题以丙烯酸、丙烯酰胺、AMPS和聚乙烯醇的共混体系聚合制备了纺丝液,采用湿法纺丝制备出高吸水纤维,再将纤维编织成高吸水纤维保湿膜,测定其各种性能。主要研究内容如下: 研究了丙烯酰胺用量、AMPS用量、聚乙烯醇用量、交联时间和温度对高吸水纤维吸液倍率的影响。研究结果表明,在引发剂浓度为0.5%,中和度为80%,聚乙烯醇含量为9克,丙烯酰胺含量15%,AMPS含量为1%时,在130℃下交联所得纤维的吸水倍率最好可达200g/g。 研究了高吸水纤维的力学性能。测试结果显示随着纤维拉伸倍数提高,断裂强力单调增加,而断裂伸长率单调减小。AMPS的加入对高吸水纤维的增韧降脆有一定作用,但过量AMPS加入反而使断裂强力和断裂伸长率下降,AMPS为1%为宜。 借助DSC、SEM研究了高吸水纤维的表征结构。DSC谱图显示出高吸水纤维具有两个玻璃化温度转变区间,这表明在高吸水纤维内形成了相分离。高吸水纤维SEM照片显示出纤维内部有许多微孔及相分离现象,而且纤维表面有许多小的凹槽,这些均有利于吸水倍率的提高。 研究了高吸水纤维保湿膜在热处理前后的吸水速率和耐热保水性。在前15分钟保湿膜吸液速率快;交联度过小或过大都不利于保湿膜的吸液速率,选择一个最佳热处理条件(T=130℃,t=10min),使保湿膜吸液速率最快;由于保湿膜发生了交联,经热处理的保湿膜保水性比无热处理的保水性好。更多还原

【Abstract】 Superabsorbent fiber is a kind of functional fiber based on superabsorbent polymer, which has wonderful water-absorbing and water-retaining ability, can maintain better strength and integrity after absorbing water, and can be processed easily. So it will be used widely in the future. Nowadays only a few developed countries can product superabsorbent fiber, and the research on superabsorbent fiber is in the primary state in our country.A copolymer of AA/AMPS/AM with PVA was prepared by aqueous solution copolymerization, and the copolymer was spun in the way of wet spinning, then weaved into film . The main content as follows:Effect of some factors, such as the content of AM, the content of AMPS, the content of PVA, crosslink temperature and time, on absorbency was investigated. As a result, superabsorbent fiber, which is copolymerized under the conditions that the initiator concentration, neutralization degree, the content of PVA, the concentration of acrylic amide and the content of AMPS are 0.5%, 80%, 9grams, 15%, 1% respectively, has higher water absorption, as 200 g/g, after heat crosslinking at 130℃.Mechanical property of superabsorbent fiber was studied. As a result, tenacity at break increased by increasing stretch ratio, but extension at break decreased. AMPS content played a role for absorbent fiber in rising toughness and reducing brittleness. However, tenacity at break and extension at break were all reduced by excessive AMPS. The best AMPS content is 1%. The structure of superabsorbent fiber was studied by DSC and SEM. DSC showed there were two glass transitions and phase interface came into being in the superabsorbent fiber. SEM showed there were a great number of micropores in the superabsorbent fiber, and there were a lot of dents, which could improved the absorbency.Absorbent velocity and water retenticity of moisture film were influent by heat treating. Absorbent velocity was better in first 15 minutes. If crosslinkage was too much high or low, it was not good for the absorbent velocity. 10 minutes on 130℃ was an adaptable condition of heat treating. Because the crosslinking of moisture film, water retenticity of film by heat treating is better than without treating.更多还原