【作者】 胡晓宇；

【导师】 肖长发；

【作者基本信息】 天津工业大学 ， 材料学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 以丙烯腈(AN)、潜交联剂(NHMA)、甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)为单体,偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)为引发剂,二甲基亚砜(DMSO)为溶剂,采用溶液聚合法得到纺丝原液,经湿法纺丝制得含潜交联剂的共聚丙烯腈(CPAN)纤维,再经后交联制备了具有交联结构的共聚丙烯腈(CPAN-C)纤维,对CPAN-C纤维碱性水解,得到具有较强吸水、保水能力、无刺激性且有一定强力的共聚丙烯腈(CPAN-H)纤维,并采用针刺法和热粘合法制备了高吸水纤维复合非织造布。 研究表明,当AIBN为单体质量的0.5wt%,单体为体系总质量的20wt%,聚合温度为60～70℃,反应时间控制在8～10h,所得纺丝原液可纺性较好。采用40wt%二甲基亚砜水溶液为凝固浴,室温下所得CPAN纤维综合性能较好。经沸水浴处理,拉伸纤维的各种内应力得到松弛,在后交联过程中表现出良好的尺寸稳定性,吸湿性能也有所提高,标准回潮率可达8wt%。 研究发现,对NHMA为10wt%的CPAN纤维,采用170℃热处理10min,交联反应进行得比较完全,大分子发生预氧化反应程度较小。CPAN-H纤维吸水率在NHMA为10wt%时达到极大值50g/g,随NHMA含量的增加,纤维保水能力相应提高。 研究表明,碱浓度为20wt%、NHMA为10wt%、水解3min是制备CPAN-H纤维的最优工艺。所得CPAN-H纤维不仅具有较高吸水率(25g/g),吸湿性能也很好,标准回潮率可达22.15wt%,所得复合针刺非织造布的保水率可达90wt%以上。 另外,本研究还采用FTIR、SEM、TGA、DSC和DMA对NHMA含量、交联条件及水解对纤维化学结构、表面结构、大分子聚集态结构和纤维力学性能的影响进行了分析研究。更多还原

【Abstract】 Acrylonitrile (AN) potential crosslinking agent (NHMA)and methylmethacrylate (MMA) as monomer, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as solution and azo-bis-isobutyronitrile (AIBN) as initiator, the spinning dope was obtained by solution polymerization technique. It was then spun using wet spinning method and a kind of copolyacrylonitrile fiber with selfcrosslinking ability(CPAN) were made. Being post-crosslinked, fibers with crosslinking structure(CPAN-C) were got. Under proper hydrolyzing conditions, a new kind of copolyacrylonitrile fiber with high water absorbency and high water retention(CPAN-H) was prepared. Composite nonwovens with CPAN-H fibers were prepared by thermal bonding and needle punching respectively.When AIBN was controlled to be 0.5wt% of monomer , the monomer amount was controlled to be about 20wt% and the polymerization was under 60-70℃ for 8-10h, the spinning dope with good spinability was obtained. Using 40wt% DMSO solution as coagulation bath, CPAN fibers with good properties were got under room temperature. After heat-treated in boiling water bath, the inner stress in CPAN fibers was relaxed and the fibers showed good size stability during post-crosslinking and also showed high moisture absorption with the standard moisture regain to 8wt%.The principles of NHMA crosslinking were studied. The fibers with 10wt% NHMA got perfect crosslinking structure with little property destroyed when the post-crosslinking temperature and crosslinking time were controlled to be 170℃ and 10min respectively. When the amount of NHMA reached 10wt%, CPAN-H fiber arrived at its highest water absorbency at about 50g/g. And the more the amount of NHMA reached, the higher the water retention of CPAN-H fibers would have.The effects of hydrolyzing conditions such as NaOH concentration and hydrolyzing time on water absorbency of CPAN-H fibers were studied. And 20wt%NaOH solution, 10wt% NHMA and hydrolyzing for 3min was the optimizing condition to prepare CPAN-H fibers. The CPAN-H fibers obtained under this condition had high water absorbency of 25g/g and high water retention of 22.15wt%.The composite needle punched nonwovens obtained using these CPAN-H fibers had the water retention more than 90wt% in this reseach.The influences of the amount of NHMA, post-crosslinking conditions and hydrolyzing processes on the chemical structure of the fiber, the surface structure of the fiber, assembling state of the moleculars in the fiber and the mechanic properties of the fiber were also discussed using FTIR, SEM, TGA, DSC and DMA.更多还原