行波型旋转超声波电机的建模及仿真

【作者】 李君余；

【导师】 洪尚任；

【作者基本信息】 华侨大学 ， 机械制造及其自动化， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 超声波电机是一种借助摩擦传递弹性超声波振动以获得动力的驱动机构,是一种全新原理获得驱动力的新型电机。目前,最具代表性的一种超声电机是旋转型行波超声电机,它特别适合于小(微)型化及精密装置的驱动和控制,尤其是在航天、医疗、微机电系统等一些对磁场敏感或有高的定位精度要求的领域中具有广阔的应用前景,可以充分体现出超声电机所特有的而普通电磁电机所不具备的优点。由于初期的研究工作只着重于动力传输的实现,未能顾及到性能的改善,一直到九十年代以后,超声电机的建模、性能预测等理论问题才开始引超关注,但至今尚无系统的论述。为了开发设计出性能好、效率高的超声电机产品,对其进行深入系统的研究是非常必要的。 本文针对旋转型行波超声电机,从影响定子振动结构参数、摩擦界面分析,机电动力学模型等方面对超声电机进行了研究,主要内容可概括如下: 简单地阐述了压电行波超声电机工作原理,压电超声波电机的特点、分类以及常见的电机类型,并系统的归纳了超声波电机的应用现状、研究现状及发展前景。 从超声电机驱动的本质入手,研究了超声波电机的驱动机理,并利用几何分析法分析了定子弹性体中行波的存在条件。 利用有限元软件ANSYS分析了影响定子振动的结构参数,从中得到了一些影响定子工作的参数曲线,为定子的结构设计及优化奠定了基础。 针对行波型超声电机的摩擦界面,研究了摩擦界面的微观驱动机理摩擦特性。基于摩擦界面的质点存在的速度差现象修正了摩擦系数,改善了纯滑动摩擦模型,并建立了摩擦界面的仿真模型,通过仿真分析了摩擦界面的输出特性。 考虑机电耦合效应及定、转子摩擦界面的界面模型,利用拉格朗日—麦克斯韦方程,结合修正的摩擦模型系数,建立了行波型超声电机的机电耦合动力学模型,并根据模型对超声波电机的输出特性进行了仿真。更多还原

【Abstract】 An ultrasonic motor is a kind of driving machine which obtains dynamic in virtue of use friction to transfer elastic ultrasonic vibration. It is a kind of motor with a completely new driving principle to obtain turning force. Recently, many prototypes of the ultrasonic motor have been developed successfully, and among them, ring type traveling-wave ultrasonic motor has found wide applications in auto-focus mechanism of Canon cameras, the drive of a watch, aeronautic and astronautic fields, robot, automobile etc. This paper systematically researches some key technologies in the electro-mechanical dynamic modeling and simulation of the motor.This paper studied a piezoelectric ultrasonic motor of rotary type, The main work is summarized as follows:The features and class are summarized of the piezoelectric ultrasonic motor. The development of the piezoelectric ultrasonic motor in the world is systematically reviewed. Its scientific purport and application foreground are introduced also.The movement mechanisms of the ultrasonic motor are deeply investigated. The movement inbeing of the ultrasonic motors, two type form method of elliptical movement are deeply investigated. Its driving mechanism is studied also by geometric method. The ordinal progressing condition of a forced traveling wave in the elastic plate is investigated.The effect of vibration of the stator structural parameter is analyzed to use the software Ansys, and get some useful conclusion. It is useful to the optimal design of the structural stator.Based on researching the contact condition of the rotor/stator interface, accord to the difference of particles velocity of the interface, revising the coefficient of the pure slip frictional model, and its output characteristics are simulated.The model from the input to the output of the piezoelectric traveling wave ultrasonic motor is established by synthetically using Lagrange—Maxwell equation, the model of contact condition of the interface, and the revised Coulomb friction theory, along with considering electromechanical coupling, and the output characteristics of the USM are simulated.更多还原