论休闲时代体育俱乐部的经营

【作者】 张军献；

【导师】 胡小明；

【作者基本信息】 华南师范大学 ， 体育人文社会学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 建立体育俱乐部制是我国体育体制改革的一个重要目标。尽管近几年我国也在走体育协会制和俱乐部制的路,但是在实际运作中,与西方国家的体育俱乐部运作还有很大的距离。进入21世纪后,人类面对世界范围内休闲时代的来临,我国体育俱乐部的发展同样面临着如何适应新时代的问题。 休闲时代的到临,带来了休闲观念和生活方式的转变,人们从事休闲的需求与日俱增,休闲正成为人们关注的热点。体育的休闲化、娱乐化发展趋势日益明显,组织形式在进行调整。体育休闲娱乐活动是休闲活动的重要组成部分,俱乐部作为已经得到广泛认同的基层体育组织形式,成为我国新时期体育改革发展的必然选择。 在体育休闲娱乐理论的指导下,本论文认为经济学准公共产品理论更适合对俱乐部的分析:即俱乐部是一种为分享生产成本、会员特权,或通过准公共产品利益排他机制取得共同利益的自愿组合。厘清了诸如“俱乐部提供的产品/服务是私人产品性质、只有利用非公有资产开办的俱乐部才是真正的俱乐部”等理论误区,指出俱乐部主要通过排除机制集中费用,进入休闲时代的市场经营,从而实现准公共产品的最佳供应。 通过研究表明,体育准公共产品的提供可以是包括政府在内的多元主体。因此体育俱乐部是提供体育竞赛表演、促进体育健身参与等体育准公共产品服务的社会组织。它是通过公共产品利益排他机制而取得共同利益的自愿组合,既可以企业化经营也可以按非企业方式经营。 本论文根据体育俱乐部提供产品/服务的性质,将体育俱乐部分为竞赛表演型和健身型两类,再以是否以营利为目的对这两类体育俱乐部进行二分。这种分类方法是以俱乐部本身提供的产品/服务的性质来进行,因此更能突出不同类型体育俱乐部的特点。 在科学分类的基础上,以经营为重点,围绕体育俱乐部提供产品的性质,对国外体育俱乐部的经营进行分析。同时对比国内同类体育俱乐部的经营状况,指出存在问题,探讨解决问题的措施。在此基础之上,为体育俱乐部经营提出了一个面向休闲时代的(?)理想经营模式。更多还原

【Abstract】 Form the club system is one of main targets of our sports management system innovation. Even though we chose the road of Sports Association and Sports Club system those years, actually there is a long distance for us to catch up with the west countries. Especially after we entered the 21st century, we human beings are facing a world rang of Leisure era. The development of sports club is facing the same problem of adapting to the new era.The arrival of Leisure era changed our ideal on leisure and our lifestyle. People’s requirement on leisure rises high and leisure becomes highlight of people’s focus. The tendency of Leisure and recreational of sports is obviously. The organization of sports is changing, and sports become one of the main parts of Leisure and Recreation. As the popular basic sports organization in the world sports club is the choice of the development of sports innovation in our country in this new era.On the direction of Theory of Sports Leisure and Recreation, this thesis analyzes the club with the economic theory of quasi-public goods. Draw the conclusion that club is an voluntary organization on the bases of share the cost, the right of member-ship and use the mechanism of exclusive of quasi-public goods to get the benefits. Clarified the saying such as the services and the good that clubs offers are private goods, only if the capital on founding the club is non-state-owned. Pointed out that the main reason of exclusive mechanic is to collect money, and the in-deep reason is to introduce the market operating system so that we can optimize the offer of quasi-public goods.According to the research, multiple subjects including the government can offer the sport quasi-public goods. And sports club is a kind of social organization that offers the sports quasi-public sports services such as the elite competition and performance, and the service on fitness and health. They are a voluntary organization that using the exclusive mechanism to protect its advantages. They can operate like an enterprise or non-enterprise (The third sector).Furthermore, to categorize the sports club is another main task of this thesis. Bypointing out the deficiency of the current classifications, this thesis classifies the sports club into two categories according to the services they offered. Sports & Performance Club and Fitness & Health Club. Then categorized them according to the profit or non-profit operation purpose.The operation of sports club is one of the main tasks of this thesis. On the bases of category and nature of different clubs, analyses the operation of sports club in some sports advanced countries. Compare with the sports club operation condition in China, the thesis probes into the current problems and points out the correct direction. By summarize the operation of different kinds of sports clubs, this thesis offers a model that fit for the development of all kinds of sports clubs.更多还原