【作者】 吴进；

【导师】 宋德华；

【作者基本信息】 华南师范大学 ， 中国近现代史， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 维新派的主要代表人物,如康有为、梁启超、谭嗣同在哲学上都形成了鲜明的、自成体系的心力观,将“心”视为宇宙的本原和新价值的衡量尺度,赋予“心”以丰富的时代内涵,崇尚心力对世界的决定作用。心力观的形成有特定的社会文化根源:近代严峻的民族社会危机使维新派感受到传统价值观的失落,对正统儒学的“天理论”“天命观”产生了怀疑,他们从佛学和心学中寻找精神资源,高度重视人自身固有的“心力”;维新派重视心力的思想使他们易于接受求新求变、富有创新力的西学,而西方自然科学、进化论以及西方历史文化的传入也进一步打破了他们固有的认识框架,增强了他们凭心力改变自我和世界的信念。心力观具有鲜明的启蒙意义和浓厚的主观性,对维新思想的和维新实践都产生了重要影响:维新派的开民智思想、保教思想、自主自由思想与心力观有内在的关联;心力观也塑造了维新派在实践中勇猛无畏、以心挽劫的精神和理想,促进了维新派倡新合群的实践。同时,对心力的过度迷信造成了维新思想与实践的较大反差,在一定程度上造成了维新派在政治实践中的主观盲动。更多还原

【Abstract】 The typical representatives of the Reformation School like Kang Youwei, Liang Qichao and Tan Sitong has formed the distinctive and systematic philosophy of mind power, which regards mind as the origin of the universe and the criterion of new values. Entrusted by the spirit of the times, this philosophy advocates the decisive effect that mind power have on the world. Its formation roots deeply in society and culture: Showing great disappointment to the traditional values owing to the severe national crisis and doubting traditional Confucianism like "heavenly principles" and "God’s will", the reformers resorted to Buddhist and mind power philosophy to find spiritual resources. Therefore, mind power is greatly emphasized, which enabled them to accept the novel creative western culture. Meanwhile, western natural science, evolutionism, western historical culture enlarged their knowledge and enhanced their belief in transforming oneself and the whole world. The philosophy of mind power has great impact on the reformation theory: Their concepts like "enlightening the masses", "defending the Confucianists" and "liberalism" are internally related to the philosophy of mind power. Meanwhile, blind faith in mind power gave rise to immense contrast between theory and practice. The philosophy also plays a positive role in reformation practice, cultivating some good virtues such as braveness, devoutness, initiative and gregariousness. But at the same time, it brings about subjectivity and blindness in political practice.更多还原