【作者】 许安阳；

【导师】 王安利；

【作者基本信息】 华南师范大学 ， 动物学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 本文以南美白对虾为材料,研究饵料中单独添加硒、钴和锰(单因子浓度梯度法)对不同生长阶段的南美白对虾免疫机能的影响,探明不同生长阶段南美白对虾在正常状态下保持其免疫功能的矿物营养需求。硒的添加剂量设计为0mg/kg、0.2mg/kg、0.4mg/kg、0.8mg/kg、1.6mg/kg、3.2mg/kg;钴的添加剂量设计为0mg/kg、25mg/kg、50mg/kg、75mg/kg、150mg/kg、300mg/kg;锰的剂量设计为0mg/kg、20mg/kg、40mg/kg、80mg/kg、120mg/kg、160mg/kg。所测定的免疫指标包括碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)和溶菌酶(LSA)。 本实验分四个阶段进行,第一阶段研究饵料中单独添加硒、钴和锰对体长1-5cm的南美白对虾幼虾免疫机能的影响,用单独添加了不同剂量的硒、钴、锰的饵料投喂南美白对虾,时间共计21天,分别于第0、7、14和21天取样测定。结果表明,三种微量元素都对南美白对虾幼虾的免疫机能有一定的影响,且均具有明显的剂量效应。当硒含量为0.2mg/kg,钴含量为25mg/kg,锰含量为20mg/kg时,分别对酶活力的增强作用最显著,低剂量组往往在第14天酶活力明显升高,到21天时酶活力仍然稳定,高剂量组通常在第7天时酶活力较高,第14天后酶活力出现下降。 第二阶段研究饵料中单独添加硒、钴和锰对体长5-8cm的南美白对虾免疫机能的影响,用单独添加了不同剂量的硒、钴、锰的饵料投喂南美白对虾,时间共计21天,分别于第0、7、14和21天取样测定。结果表明,三种元素都对南美白对虾的免疫机能有一定的影响,且均具有明显的剂量效应。当硒含量为0.4mg/kg,钴含量为50mg/kg,锰含量为40mg/kg时,分别对酶活力的增强作用最显著,剂量适宜组往往在第7天酶活力明显升高,14天时则进一步增强,到21天时酶活力仍然稳定,高剂量组通常在第7天时酶活力较高,第14天后酶活力出现下降。 第三阶段研究饵料中单独添加硒、钴和锰对体长8-10cm的南美白更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to discuss the mineral requirement of Penaeus vannamei in different grow period for keeping immune function under normal state, we study the effect of Selenium(Se), Cobalt(Co) andmanganese(Mn) supplemented respectively in the formulated diets on immune function of Penaeus vannamei in different grow periods. Thedoses of Se is designed to 0 mg/kg , 0.2 mg/kg, 0.4 mg/kg, 0.8 mg/kg , 1.6 mg/kg and 3. 2mg/kg. The doses of Co is designed to 0 mg/kg , 25 mg/kg , 50 mg/kg , 75 mg/kg , 150 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg.The doses of Mn is designed to 0 mg/kg , 20 mg/kg , 40 mg/kg , 80 mg/kg , 120 mg/kg and 160 mg/kg. Active of AKP , SOD , GSH-Pxand LSA are measured at different states.Firstly, we study the effect of Se , Co and Mn supplemented respectively in the formulated diets on immune function of Penaeus vannamei whose length is l~5cm. The index of immunity is measured atthe 0 day, the 7th day , the 14th day and the 21th day. The result shows that the three minerals has respectively positive effect on the immunity of Penaeus vannamei. Active of enzymes is enhancedsignificantly when the dose of Se is 0.2 mg/kg, the dose of Co is 25 mg/kg and the dose of Mn is 20 mg/kg. The active of enzymes oflow dose groups rise up, which remains stable level at the 21th day. However , the active of enzymes of high does groups increases at the 7th day and then declines at the 14th day.Secondly, we study the effect of Se , Co and Mn supplemented respectively in the formulated diets on immune function of Penaeus vannamei whose length is 5-8cm. index of immunity was measured at the day 0 , the 7th day, the 14th day and the 21th day. The result shows that the three minerals has respectively positive effect onthe immunity of Penaeus vannamei. active of enzymes were the mostsignificant enhanced among of dose of Se is 0.4 mg/kg, Co is 50 mg/kg and Mn is 40 mg/kg. The active of enzymes of Proper doesgroups rise up after a week , which further enhanced at the 14thday , and remained high level at the 21th day. However, the active of enzymes of high does groups increases at the 7th day and thendelcines at the 14th day.Thirdly, we study the effect of Se , Co and Mn supplemented respectively in the formulated diets on immune function of Penaeus vannamei whose length is 8-10cm. Index of immunity was measured atthe 0 day, the 7th day, the 14th day and the 21th day. The result shows that the three minerals have respectively positive effect on the immunity of Penaeus vannamei. Active of enzymes were the most significant enhanced when the dose of Se is 0. 4-0. 8mg/kg , that of Co is 50-75mg/kg and that of Mn is 120 mg/kg. Proper doses’ groupshold high level of active of enzymes at different stages and keeps stable after 21days. However , the active of enzymes of lower andhigher does groups has decreased after some time(7days or 14 days) ,some of which are even lower than those of non-supplement group.Finally, we study the effect of Se , Co and Mn supplemented respectively in the formulated diets on immune function of Penaeus vannamei whose length is over 10cm. Index of immunity was measured at the 0 day , the 7th day, the day 14th and the day 21th. Theresult shows that the three minerals have respectively positive effect on the immunity of Penaeus vannamei. Active of enzymes were the most significant enhanced among of dose of Se is 1. 6-3.2mg/kg , Co is 150mg/kg and Mn is 120mg/kg. The active of enzymes of Proper dose groups remains high level at different stage. However , the active of enzymes of lower and higher dose groups usually havealready decreased after some time(7days or 14days) , some of whichare even lower than those of non-supplement group.In conclusion , during growing of Penaeus vannamei , the mineral requirement of Se , Co and Mn for keeping the best immune function of shrimp increases as soon as the length increases.更多还原