明代六科给事中制度研究

【作者】 郭景未；

【导师】 颜广文；

【作者基本信息】 华南师范大学 ， 中国古代史， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 六科给事中制度是明代君主在总结借鉴前代给事中制度的基础上,加以改造和创新的成果,具有明显的时代特征和个体特点,对明代国家的政治生活产生了深刻影响。文章先阐述和分析了明初六科给事中的数次变更和调整,对明代六科给事中制度的创设和成型过程加以勾勒。进而,从规谏君主、监察百官、稽查公文三个方面来具体分析六科给事中的职能的设置与实施运作,认为六科给事中对维护国家职能的正常运转起着极其重要的作用。接着将六科给事中的选任、考核、升降的各项标准及其运作过程与史实相结合,动态地介绍了六科给事中的管理机制及运行。进而引入现代行政监察学的概念,从廉政监察和效能监察两个方面入手对六科给事中制度所发挥的效能进行叙述,充分肯定六科给事中制度在遏制腐败,提高行政效能方面所起到的积极作用。同时,从明代的具体政治环境入手,列举分析了六科给事中制度在运行中所产生的影响政府行政、纷扰政局等负面效应,并进一步深入探讨,认为皇权的侵害、大臣的干涉是其产生负面效应的外在原因。最终,对六科给事中制度加以评议,得出结论:缺省有效的制约机制和其无法有效监督皇权的特点是六科给事中制度的根本缺陷。更多还原

【Abstract】 The System of Ji Shi Zhong of six administrative sections in Ming Dynasty is a new achievement on the basis of previous system. It has both obvious period features and individual trail, and has a further influence on Ming Dynasty’ s politics.First, these papers analyst the adjustment of six administrative sections in Ming Dynasty, which include both its initiation and shaping.Second, these papers analyst the installment and operation of six administrative sections in Ming Dynasty from three aspect, and believe that the System of Ji Shi Zhong of six administrative sections in Ming Dynasty has an important effect on the regular operation of Ming Dynasty.The Third, these papers introduce Ji Shi Zhong of six administrative sections’ management and operation on the basis of combination of its standard of appointment and examination and rising and falling and operation and history.The forth, with the concept of modern administration supervision, these papers recount the effect of the System of Ji Shi Zhong of six administrative sections in Ming Dynasty from the supervision of honest government and efficacy.At last, from political situation of Ming Dynasty, the papers list and analyst the reverse of in his operation of the System of jishizhong of six administrative sections in Ming Dynasty. And these papers bel ieve that the outward reason of it is violation from emperor and officials.With the discussion on the System of Ji Shi Zhong of six administrative sections, it can be seen from these papers that the essential flaw of the System of Ji Shi Zhong of six administrative sections is the shortage of effective supervise system and supervision on emperor.更多还原