【作者】 李麟；

【导师】 江立成；

【作者基本信息】 合肥工业大学 ， 马克思主义理论与思想政治教育， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 需要是马克思主义唯物史观中的一个基本范畴,然而,在我国长期受到忽视或曲解。需要作为社会理论的基本问题之一,必须给予足够的重视。 人的需要是人们在实践基础上所产生和创造出来的作为主体人的需要,它反映了在实践活动中人们生存与发展所依赖的日益丰富的条件以及人们对这种条件的渴求。人的需要与现实世界的矛盾是人们从事实践活动、进而促进人类社会进步和发展的动因,它包括人的需要与自然界的矛盾和人的需要与社会矛盾两个层次。其中,人的需要与自然界的矛盾是最基本的方面,它是促使人类不断进行实践活动从而为社会发展提供物质基础的动因;人的需要与社会的矛盾是第二层次的方面,它促使人们进行维护或变革社会的经济基础、上层建筑和社会的其他方面的实践活动,从而推动社会的发展。人的需要与社会矛盾的解决为人的需要与外界的矛盾解决提供必须的社会条件。人的需要与现实世界的矛盾要通过人们实践活动来实现。人的需要在社会发展中所起的作用是有限作用与无限作用的统一。人们占社会主导地位的优势需要体现着人类实践活动进一步发展的方向和要求,制约着社会发展的方向。 本文通过对人的需要理论的系统梳理,阐述和领会马克思主义关于人的需要理论,把人的需要、人的全面发展需要同全面建设小康社会的伟大实践紧密结合起来,以维护最广大人民的根本利益、满足最广大人民日益增长的物质文化需要作为全面建设小康社会的出发点和归宿,践行以人为本的科学发展观,努力实现以人的全面发展为终极目标的,惠及全体广大人民的,涉及经济、政治、文化、生态诸方面的全面小康社会。更多还原

【Abstract】 Needs is a basic category in the field of Marxist materialism, however, it has long been neglected or misinterpreted in our country. Need, as one basic problem of social theories, must be attached enough importance to.Needs of man, produced and created on the basis of practice, is taken as the needs of the master. It reflects the increasingly rich conditions for people’s living and development in practical activities and people’s desire for this kind of condition. The contradiction between man’s needs and real world is the motive cause for people to be engaged in practical activities and thus promote the advancement and development of human society. It includes two levels: the contradiction between man’s needs and nature; the contradiction between man’s needs and society. Of the two, the contradiction between man’s needs and nature is the most basic aspect and it is the motive cause for people to carry out practical activities constantly and thus provide material base for the development of the society. The contradiction between man’s needs and society is the aspect of the second level, and it encourages people to defend or reform the economic basis, the superstructure and other aspects of practical activities of the society, and thus propel the society forward. The settlement of the contradiction between man’s needs and society provides necessary social conditions for the settlement of the contradiction between man’s needs and the outside world. The contradiction between man’s needs and real world should be settled in man’s practical activities. The effect of men’s needs in the development of the society is the unity of limited and unlimited effect. The superiority of man’s occupying the leading position in the society reflects the orientation and requirement of the further development of man’s practical activities. And it also restrains the orientation of social development.This paper, through systematic analysis of man’s needs theory, expounds and comprehends Marxist man’s needs theory. It closely combines the needs of man, the needs of man’s all-round development and the great practices of building a well-off society in an all-round way together. Regarding the defending of the broad people’s basic interests and the satisfying of the broad people’s increasing material and cultural needs as the departure point and home of building a well-off society in an all-round way, carrying out the scientific development outlook of taking man as subject, we try hard to bring about a well-off society in an all- round way in which man’s all-round development is taken as the final aim, the whole masses of people get benefits, and all aspects, such as economy, politics, culture, and ecology, are involved.更多还原