【作者】 刘升卫；

【导师】 余家国；

【作者基本信息】 武汉理工大学 ， 材料学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 近来,在材料合成与器件制造领域,具有特定形状和高度有序结构的无机材料或者无机-有机杂化材料的可控合成是一个充满挑战性的工作。仿生合成策略被视为制备具有复杂形貌与多级结构的无机材料最有前途的方法之一。我们的工作主要包括下面三个方面的内容:首先,我们选择PSMA为晶体改性剂,通过简单的沉淀反应,研究了硫酸钡、硫酸锶和铬酸钡晶体的仿生形貌控制。探讨了无机材料形貌随高分子PSMA浓度、溶液pH值、溶液中阴阳离子的相对比例R等试验参数的变化规律,并获得了丰富多彩的新颖形貌,所得产物用扫描电镜分析(SEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)进行了表征。结果发现,所有试验参数的协同作用都可以归结为它们对高分子PSMA与无机矿物表面极性晶面之间静电相互作用的调节。此外,我们对具有特殊形貌无机晶体的形成机理进行了初步探讨。再次,我们在高分子PVP和表面活性剂CTAB的混和体系中通过简单的沉淀反应合成了单分散准八面体钨酸铅晶体。一系列对比试验说明,高分子PVP与表面活性剂CTAB之间的协同作用导致了钨酸铅晶体形貌由空白条件下的宝塔状转变为这种独特准八面体状。并且发现准八面体形状的钨酸铅晶体和宝塔状的钨酸铅晶体的室温光致发光性能有明显的差异。最后,以偏钒酸铵为前驱体,在高分子PEG-4000存在的情况下180℃水热处理24h,大量制备了单晶钒氧化合物纳米带。结果表明,高分子PEG,体系的pH值、前驱体的选择对于钒氧化合物纳米带的形成具有至关重要的作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 The controlled synthesis of inorganic or inorganic/organic hybrid materials with specific shape or highly ordered hierarchical architecture is a key challenge in current materials synthesis and device fabrication. Recently, bio-inspired synthesis strategy has been explored as a promising approach for the morphological control and crystal tectonics. The main contents of our work are summarized as follows:Firstly, PSMA is selected as a crystal modifier, taking advantage of the cooperative effects of related experimental parameters such as the concentration of PSMA, pH value of solution, and molar ratio of cation to anion （R）, to control the morphology of inorganic materials, including BaSO₄, SrSO₄, and BaCrO₄, giving rise to the emergence of a variety of interesting morphologies. A series of control experiments have been carried out to understand the morphological change with the variation of experimental conditions. The results indicate that the effect of all those parameters on the morphologies and crystallization of inorganic mineral can be attributed to their influence on the interaction between the carboxylic acid groups of PSMA and the crystal planes of the surface of inorganic mineral. In addition, a preliminary understanding for the formation mechanism of certain wonderful morphology has been proposed on the basis of the experimental results.Secondly, monodispersed quasi-octahedral PbWO₄ crystals have been fabricated via a simple PbWO₄ precipitation reaction in the mixed synthetic system of PVP and CTAB. The cooperative effect of PVP and CTAB is found to be responsible for the morphological transformation process from PbWO₄ pagodas to the unique PbWO₄ quasi-octahedrons. The photoluminescence property for the unique PbWO₄ quasi-octahedrons is observed to be significantly different from that for the PbWO₄ pagodas.Finally, Single crystalline vanadium oxide nanobelts have been synthesized on a large scale by hydrothermal treatment of NH₄VO₃ in the presence of the polymer PEG-4000 at 180℃ for 24 h. The results demonstrate that PEG, pH value and precursor play a critical role important for the formation of single crystalline vanadium oxide nanobelts.更多还原