【作者】 付恺；

【导师】 杨克俭；

【作者基本信息】 武汉理工大学 ， 计算机应用技术， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 计算机实时图形技术是计算机三维游戏,计算机辅助设计与制造(CAD/CAM)、数字媒体创作(DCC)、虚拟现实等领域中的基本问题。最近几年,随着这些应用领域的飞速发展,人们对实时图形的要求也越来越高,提出了更为复杂的,能逼真再现真实场景的实时渲染要求。为了满足这些应用领域的需求,基于图形处理器(Graphic Processing Unit)的实时渲染技术成为了计算机图形学的一个重要的研究方向。文章主要研究了基于最新GPU的实时渲染技术,主要涉及以下方面:三维几何模型的数据存储结构、逐像素光照计算、实时阴影、室内小范围水面的渲染及蒙皮网格体的渲染。此外,文章还结合作者将来的工作,简要阐述了基于硬件优化的基本原则。考虑到实时图形技术近几年的飞速发展,文章涉及到的图形处理器都是支持Shader Model 2. 0及以上版本的。上述均体现文章紧密结合日新月异的实时图形渲染技术,跟上时代前进的步伐。Shader Model 2. 0是随Direct3D9的发布而引入的图形硬件着色器模型。与Shader Model 1. 1相比,Shader Model 2. 0支持更多指令种类及更长的顶点与像素处理程序。在像素处理上,计算精度由定点9位或12位整数变成了24位浮点数,计算精度的提高使渲染出的图像质量得到了质的飞跃。ShaderModel 2. 0不仅是软件编程接口,也是硬件标准,不同硬件厂商都在遵循ShaderModel 2. 0的基础上开发了不同的硬件产品,但对于应用程序来说,只要按照Shader Model 2. 0的规范编写,都可以保证正确运行在不同厂商的硬件上。文章所介绍的技术都是围绕Shader Model 2. 0展开。以下是文章各章节的内容简介:第1章 绪论。主要介绍实时图形技术的重要性、国内、外研究的现状、课题的来源、课题研究的目的和意义以及论文涉及的关键技术。第2章 系统开发的核心技术。主要介绍计算机实时图形及软硬件平台相关的技术。其中首先介绍了计算机图形学及三维向量代数的基础知识,随后介绍了图形硬件和图形应用编程接口(API)的发展,并从应用角度分析了图形软硬件的发展趋势。第3章 系统开发的详细设计。主要讨论大规模复杂光照情况下的实时渲染技术,文章基于现有的研究成果并结合目前先进的图形硬件,提出了几种新的实时图形渲染技术。首先介绍了逐顶点光照和逐像素光照的区别,以及更多还原

【Abstract】 The real-time rendering is the basic foundation of 3D games, computer aided design(CAD), computer aided manufacture(CAM), Digital Content Creation(DCC) and virtual reality. With these applications grow rapidly in recent years, the real-time rendering becomes more and more important. GPU based real-time rendering technology comes forth in this situation. In this paper, real-time rendering of scenes with complex multiple light sources is investigated, which is one way to presenting photorealistic images.The paper focuses the GPU based real-time rendering technologies. It involves the following parts: storing of 3D geometry and scenes, per-pixel lighting, real-time shadow, small-area water rendering and skinned mesh rendering. Besides, according to the author’s future work, this paper also introduces some GPU related optimization methods. Because graphic hardware evolves rapidly at present, all the GPU involved in this paper is Shader Model 2.0 level or above.Shader Model 2.0 is introduced with the presentation of Direct3D9. Compared to Shader Model 1.1, Shader Model 2.0 supports more kinds of instructions and more instruction slots, which provide long vertex shader and pixel shader. Besides, Shader Model 2.0 improves its calculation precision at pixel level, which leads to the great improvements of image quality. Shader Model 2.0 is not only an API, but also a hardware standards, any hardware manufacturer should apply this standards, so any software should run without compatible issue in case of Direct3D9.Chapter 1, introducing the importance of real-time rendering, the foundation, the research purpose and the significance of the project. Besides, the key technologies involved in the paper are introduced.Chapter 2, introducing the core technology in this paper, including graphic hardware, vector math and 3D API.Chapter 3, presenting the implementation details of the system. This chapter introduces the details of Phong illumination model, per-pixel lighting, real-time shadow, Fresnel reflection and refraction and skinned mesh, then the implementation details is presented, the improvements of my method are also introduced. All the implementation is based on advanced GPUs.Chapter 4, concludes the system, points out insufficiencies and innovation, and predicts the prospect of various technologies in this article.更多还原