现代汉语双音节词组与词共存现象及词组词汇化考察

【作者】 李慧；

【导师】 张博；

【作者基本信息】 北京语言大学 ， 课程与教学论， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 关于词组词汇化的研究,以往学者关注的主要是词组衍化的历时过程,分析的大多为古代汉语中发生词汇化的词组。目前几乎没有学者作过古代汉语词组词汇化的断代研究,现代汉语共时层面的词组词汇化也只是涉及到个别的实例,尚未进行全面系统的研究。本文尝试从新的角度,考察现代汉语共时层面双音节词组与词共存的现象,进而探讨现代汉语词组词汇化的特点和规律。论文的主体包括以下几个部分: 1、全面考察《现汉》双音节词组的收录及处理情况。《现汉》共收录了176个双音节词组,其基本原则是词组是否发生了词汇化,发生了词汇化的词组在收录之列。《现汉》对词组的处理也基本上遵循了一致的原则,条目的分立、词组义的收录、义项的分立、拼音的分写都是基于不同词组词汇化发展的不同情况。 2、基于词典分析双音节词组词汇化的程度。基于词典对词组的处理情况,我们从义项是否分立、词义项的多少、注音方式、语法属性是否发生改变以及词组义和词义的使用频率这五个角度来分析词组词汇化的程度。这五个角度是对词组词汇化程度的共时分析,一定程度上反映了不同词组在历时衍化过程中的阶段性样态,及其衍化的历时进程。 3、考察现代汉语双音节词组词汇化的基本情况。现代汉语中发生词汇化最多的是动宾式词组,其次为偏正式词组,发生词汇化的并列式词组较少。对应于结构方式,现代汉语中发生词汇化的动词性词组最多,其次为名词性词组。词组在向词衍化的过程中,主要的语义发展方式为比喻和引申,词组义和词义的差别是现代汉语词组词汇化主要的语义条件。伴随着语义的发展,语法属性和语音也可能会发生改变。 4、比较古代汉语和现代汉语双音节词组词汇化的特征。古代汉语词组的词汇化的发生伴随着汉语双音化的历程,而在现代汉语中双音节词已占主体地位,因此,古代汉语双音节词组词汇化与现代汉语双音节词组的词汇化势必存在不同之处。主要体现在:相同结构方式和语法属性的词组在两种语言系统中的词汇化难易程度不同,而且语义发展也表现出不同的特点:现代汉语双音节词组词汇化过程中,语义的发展相对要简单;古代汉语词组词汇化过程中,语义的发展更为更多还原

【Abstract】 About the study of phrase lexicalization, many scholars mainly concern themselves with the process of its diachronic evolvement and most of what they have analyzed are the phrases in ancient Chinese. Until now, the cross-sectional study about the lexicalization of phrase in ancient Chinese has not been discussed. Only several examples are mentioned in the synchronic study of phrase lexicalization in modern Chinese, and a thorough and comprehensive observation has not started. This - thesis contributes to the co-existence of disyllabic phrases and words in synchronic study, and tries to analyze the characteristics of phrase lexicalization in modern Chinese. The thesis is mainly composed of several parts as follows:1. The disyllabic phrases’ inclusion and disposal in Modern Chinese Dictionary are comprehensively observed. There are 176 disyllabic phrases in Modern Chinese Dictionary. The principle is whether the phrase has lexicalized. The lexicalized phrases are included. The disposal of phrases in Modern Chinese Dictionary is also based on the identical principle. Separation of entry, receipt of phrase meaning and separation of senses of a dictionary entry are all based on the different condition of different phrases’ lexicalization.2. Disyllabic phrase’s lexicalization degree is analyzed based on dictionary. Lexicalization degree is analyzed from separation of entry, the number of word senses of a dictionary entry, the way of phonetic notation, the change of grammatical attribute and the employ frequency of phrase meaning and word meaning. The studies from the five angles are synchronic analysis about lexicalization degree of phrases. To a degree, this can reflect the periodical characteristics of different phrases in diachronic course and their process of diachronic evolvement.3. The general condition about lexicalization of disyllabic phrases in modern Chinese is described in this part. Among the phrases which are lexicalized in modern Chinese, the verb-object phrases are the most, and then are the attribute-head phrases, and the co-ordinate phrases are the third. According to the structure, verb phrases arethe most in lexicalized phrases, and then are noun phrases. The main way of meaning development are analogy and extension. The difference between phrase meaning and word meaning is the main semantic condition in phrase lexicalization. With the development of the semantic meaning, grammatical attribute and pronunciation will change too.4. Phrase lexicalization in ancient Chinese and in modern Chinese is contrasted. Phrases in ancient Chinese are lexicalized with the Chinese disyllabification. But in modern Chinese disyllabic words has occupied the main part. So phrase lexicalization in ancient Chinese and in modern Chinese will present different characteristics i.e. the phrases with the same structure and grammatical attribute present different degree of lexicalization in the two language systems. And their characteristics of semantic development are also different. In modern Chinese it is simple, while very complicated and diverse in ancient Chinese.This is my study about phrase lexicalization in modern Chinese. The synchronic analysis of phrase lexicalization can refer to its diachronic analysis. And the study of phrase lexicalization in modern Chinese can refer to its study in ancient Chinese. So we can make the study of phrase lexicalization and disyllabic words deeper and provide a new point of view for the study of lexicalization. We also find the unidentical disposal of phrases in Modern Chinese Dictionary. Through the analysis of phrases in Modern Chinese Dictionary, we hope that this can contribute to perfecting Modern Chinese Dictionary.更多还原