【作者】 杨敏；

【导师】 李晓惠；

【作者基本信息】 武汉理工大学 ， 外国语言学及应用语言学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 复合句是英语、德语、汉语共有的语言现象,其中英语状语从句、德语状语从句和汉语的偏正复句在表层结构、语义及语用层面具有某些相似之处,但由于语言结构特点和思维方式上的差异,汉语的偏正复句与其它两语存在着根本的区别,而且英语、德语虽同属日耳曼语系,因为各自不同的发展轨迹,也存在一些差异。本文以韩礼德的功能语法原则为理论基础,在结构和语义两方面比较了此类型的句子在三种语言中的异同,并依据邱述德等人提出的话语原则对比较结果进行了解释和描述,最后总结出了造成这些异同的语言和思维方面的因素。这项研究一改传统的以语义分类为出发点的比较方法,采用归纳的研究方法,将复合句作为一个整体,进行综合全面的比较和分析,使研究结论更具总结性和概括性。同时,这一研究结果在一定程度上对语言句法教学将起到指导作用。全文共分五个部分:本文第一部分介绍了比较语言学,尤其是复合句的比较研究的现状以及存在的问题,介绍了传统语法和功能语法对复合句是如何描述和定义的,并简要归纳了本文的写作目的和内容的基本构成。在第二部分,作者在结构上将复合句分成典型性和非典型性两类,运用主位结构等功能语法学的相关理论对这两类分别进行对比研究,然后单独讨论了复合句的两个特殊元素连接词和逗号在三种语言中各自的结构特点。第三部分,鉴于连接词和所连接分句之间在语义上的相互影响和相互作用,作者分两部分比较了三种语言的连接词和分句之间的语义关系的异同;之后借用功能语法学中信息结构的理论分析了三种语言的复合句分句的语义顺序。第四部分,作者依据邱述德等人提出的话语原则,从语用的角度对比较结果进行了解释和描述;接着,因为语言的形成是思维和语言特点共同作用的结果,作者分别从这两个方面分析了造成这些异同的语言因素和思维因素。作者在最后一部分结论中,对全文进行了总结。更多还原

【Abstract】 Complex Sentences are the object of the comparative study in German, English and Chinese, among which Chinese modifier clauses have significant differences compared with adverbial clauses in the rest languages resulted from contrastive linguistic and mental factors, and as for the latter two ones, despite the cognate birth of Western German Language Family, the different developmental processes have stamped them distinct features. The paper is to compare the similarities and especially the dissimilarities in respects of structure and meaning under the theoretical light of Halliday’s Functional Grammar, then to proceed with the illustration of the detected facts based on Discourse Principle proposed by Qiu Shude, and finally end up with the analysis of linguistic and mental factors behind. Divergent from the conventional research method likely to divide the concerned sentences into several semantic groups, the paper is to adopt the deductive method and to display an inclusive and overall study in the hope to approach generality and comprehensiveness. The study is expected to shed some light on the teaching and acquisition of syntax.The paper is to be divided into five sections:The paper starts off in the first section with an introduction of the study of comparative linguistics, emphasizing the status qua of comparative researches on complex sentences, which, later find specific definitions from the points of traditional and functional studies of grammar. The writing purpose and the arrangement of contents are also attached in this part.The second section concerns the comparative study in terms of the structure of complex sentences. In the light of functional grammar theories like Theme-Rheme pattern, the writer compares the two types in turn after categorizing the constructive patterns into typical and atypical types. The connective and comma are also discussed about their structural characteristics.Considering that connectives and the connected clauses often vary in their absolute meaning for their relation of interacting and mutual effecting, the writer will associate the other part when taking on the comparative research on the separate implication of the connective or the clauses. Another striking difference is the information sequence of clauses, which will find a telling explanation in the light of Given-New pattern.In the following section, the writer illustrates all the findings in respect ofpragmatics; Qiu Shude’s ideas on Discourse Analysis set the stage for that. Moreover, linguistic and mental factors that give rise to the detected facts are to be explored since Zhou Zhipei suggests that they collaborate to determine how a language form is like.The paper ends with a conclusion in the closing section.更多还原