【作者】 周娟；

【导师】 张超灿；

【作者基本信息】 武汉理工大学 ， 材料学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 聚苯胺作为导电聚合物越来越受到关注,由于它原料易得、合成方法简单、对氧和水的稳定性好、防污防腐性优良、导电性能独特等优点,因此有着广泛的应用前景。 在研究掺杂态聚苯胺过程中,论文采用溶液聚合法和乳液聚合法分别合成了盐酸、樟脑磺酸、十二烷基苯磺酸掺杂的聚苯胺,并分别讨论了反应中实验条件的变化对采用不同聚合方法所得产物的产率、电导率、溶解性等的影响。研究表明乳液聚合法在掺杂态聚苯胺的产率和溶解性等方面均优于溶液聚合法,而溶液聚合法制备的掺杂态聚苯胺的电导率则高于乳液聚合法所制备的。通过红外和X-射线衍射分析得到聚苯胺在掺杂前后结构及结晶性能均发生变化。 在聚苯胺纳米复合材料的制备研究中,一般采用的方法是聚苯胺与各种塑性材料的机械共混。本论文将塑性聚合物单体和苯胺置于同一体系中,在乳化剂存在的条件下,分别在不同温度下采用同种过氧化物作为氧化剂氧化苯胺聚合和引发剂引发甲基丙烯酸甲酯自由基聚合,合成了聚苯胺/聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯复合物,两种聚合物相互呈纳米级分散。论文探讨了聚合反应中各实验因素及实验条件的变化对聚合反应的影响,以聚合物产率和电导率为基准,初步确定了实验中各反应物的用量范围和实验条件:硫酸铵/十二烷基苯磺酸/苯胺(摩尔)=1.2/1.5/1,低温5℃,18h,高温81℃,6h。通过红外确定了复合物中甲基丙烯酸甲酯的存在,以及加入甲基丙烯酸甲酯前后的复合物结构和基团变化;光电子能谱分析得出在甲基丙烯酸甲酯存在条件下,聚苯胺的氧化和掺杂程度:差示扫描及热重分别研究了聚苯胺/聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯复合体系的玻璃化转变温度和热稳定性,表明体系在添加甲基丙烯酸甲酯后复合物的热稳定性有了明显的改善和提高;另外分别讨论了体系在加入甲基丙烯酸甲酯前后的电导率及介电性能的变化与实验条件的关系。以上分析表明体系添加甲基丙烯酸甲酯后在热稳定性及加工性方面有了提高,但甲基丙烯酸甲酯的加入会降低复合物的导电及介电性能。 论文最后采用间断超声分散和补加乳化剂的方法,使复合物的微观形貌发生了变化,得到了以甲基丙烯酸甲酯为壳,聚苯胺为核的单分散核壳型复合物颗粒。实验采用油溶性引发剂后使聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯的产率提高,通过透射电镜可以观察到大量密集的PMMA浅色颗粒。更多还原

【Abstract】 PANI （polyaniline） is attracting attention of scientists as the conductive material. PANI has broad application foreground for its raw material is easy to get, its simple synthesis methods, good stability to oxygen and H₂O, good capability of antisepsis, unique conductibility and so on.In the study of doped PANI, the paper used emulsion polymerization and solution polymerization to synthesis polyaniline with HC1, CSA （Camphor-sulfonic acid） and DBSA （dodecylbenzene-sulfonic acid） doped respectively. The effects of productivity, conductivity, and solubility through changed the experiment conditions have been discussed. We found that emulsion polymerization was piror to solution polymerization in productivity and solubility, but its conductivity was less than solution polymerization’s. X-ray and FT-IR were used to analysis the polymer’s structure and crystallization fore-and-aft the doping.In the study of the preparation of nano PANI composite, the common method is to blend PANI with some classical plastic polymers by mechanical fix and sometime the polymers will be heated. But in this experiment the monomer of classical polymer and monomer of PANI were polymerized in the same system. In the condition of DBSA, APS （Ammonium persulfate） was used both as the oxidant to ANI and the initiator to MMA under different temperature and finally we got the composite PANI/PMMA, which can dissolve each other better in nano grade. The paper was emphasized on discussing the effects of polymerization by all kinds of experiment factors with the standards of productivity and conductivity; the dosage of reactant and the experiment conditions were decided preliminary. We found that the properties of the composite were good when APS/DBSA/ANI=1.2/1.5/1. In this paper, FT-IR was used to analysis the property the change of structure in the addition of MMA; The degree of oxidation and doping was analysed by XPS; DSC and TG were used to studied the Tg and heat stability of the composite PANI/PMMA, the all results showed that the added of MMA would increased the stability of composite and improved its process capacity; The relations between the conductivity, dielectric and the change of the conditions were also discussed in the paper, and the added of MMA would decreased the dielectric capacity of the composite.The paper also discussed methods of using ultrasonic and adding emulsion, we found that the microstructure of the composite was improved after using thesemethods and got the core-shell structure with PANI as the core, PMMA as the shell. On the other hand, the productivity of PMMA was improved after using AIBN and we can observed plenty of PMMA particles through TEM which were separated from PANI particles.更多还原