【作者】 芦家娟；

【导师】 张征； 王毅力；

【作者基本信息】 北京林业大学 ， 生态学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 本论文研究了厌氧折流板反应器（ABR）的启动过程、成熟颗粒污泥的分形特征以及ABR对染料废水的处理效果和影响因素,结果表明: 在20～30℃条件启动ABR反应器,经历了169天5个阶段的启动实验,进水COD容积负荷达到4.38kgCOD/m³·d,出水的各项指标（COD、VFA、pH）达到要求;形成了大量的性能良好的颗粒污泥,其尺度介于2～3.8mm之间,沉降速度大于20m/h,MLVSS/MLSS值均大于65%;但各格室厌氧污泥的SVI值差异较大。显微分析表明,不同格室内呈现出种群配合良好的厌氧微生物分布,第一格室存在大量的优势发酵细菌,并有代谢乙酸的丝状甲烷细菌,然后颗粒污泥中的微生物逐渐向以产甲烷细菌优势菌群过渡,并存在许多浮游的原生和后生动物。另外,各格室中的颗粒污泥形状各异,表面凸凹不平,存在气孔,且颗粒污泥越靠近核心,微生物数量越少,细菌分泌物和无机质越多。 建立了基于SEM照片研究ABR反应器成熟颗粒污泥分形特征的操作程序,采用Photoshop、Newscan和Fips程序对该图形进行处理和分形维数计算。颗粒污泥的计盒维数值处于在1.85以上,第3格室和第5格室形成的颗粒污泥较为致密。不同格室颗粒污泥边界的计盒维数的值在1.10左右,表明它们的边界或表面是不规则的,而且第1格室和第5格室形成的颗粒污泥的表面不规则程度高一些。颗粒污泥边界的圆规维数计算结果也表明其表面是不规则的,而且每一个颗粒污泥都存在两个分形维数的尺度区间,有的区间跨度达一个数量级。 颗粒污泥剖面图形的计盒维数一般比颗粒污泥外表面的较高,显示了颗粒内部更为致密的特性。面积-回转半径法计算的分形维数D₃表明了颗粒内部中的分形岛屿比其表面上的更不规则、更为复杂。Sandbox法计算出的分形维数D₂规律性不很强。面积周长法计算出的颗粒污泥的周边维数D₄均小于1,说明了颗粒污泥图形中很多小岛屿的边界周长值与其面积之间呈现反比关系,岛屿的周长越大,其面积越小。 ABR去除耐晒黑染料时,进水中养分基本组成为葡萄糖（1.36g/L）,NaHCO₃（1.11g/L）及适量微量元素。随着染料浓度的增加,染料的去除率先上升后降低,ABR格室中的生物相发生了变化,1、2、3格室原生动物较多,4、5格室游动小动物多,但微生物数量最少。颗粒污泥在前几个格室中解聚较多,气泡不多,说明染料负荷的增加使得ABR前3个格室生物相有趋同的倾向,但污泥形态依然不同。 水力停留时间对染料的去除影响较大,染料的平均去除率随着进水流量的增加整体呈下降趋势,pH值基本稳定在6.65左右。当进水流量为30ml/min时,染料的平均去除率达89%,去除效果较好。生物相观察结果表明,随着进水流量的增加,生物相有向后面格室推移的趋势,前面两个格室颗粒污泥解聚,并有厌氧反应的臭味。更多还原

【Abstract】 The start-up of anaerobic baffled reactor and the fractal character of the ripened granular sludge in the reactor were studied. The reactor was used to deal with dye wastewater. The disposal effects and influent factors were examined. The results were as follows:The start-up of anaerobic baffled reactor at the temperature of 20-30℃ were examined in this study. Through five-stage experiments during 169 days, the volumetric loading rate (VLR) of the influent reached around 4.38kgCOD/m~3·d, and with suitable values of the effluent COD, VFA and pH. Abundant granular sludge with good characteristics were existed in the reactor, such as granular size 2~3.8mm, more than 20m/h of settling velocities and MLVSS/MLSS above 65%. However, different SVI values were found in each compartment. The microscopic analysis results showed that cooperative anaerobic microbial communities distributed within different compartments. The dominant bacteria in the compartment one were zymogen, and much filamentous methanogenic bacteria that can absorb acetic acid were also observed. Towards the ends of the reactor, the dominant bacterial populations shifted stepwise to methanogenic bacteria in granular sludge, and appearing lots of protozoan and metazoan. As to single granular sludge with different shape, the air holes were in its uneven surface. The fewer microbes were found in the core of the granular than on the surface, while the bacteria secretion and inorganic compounds appeared oppositely.Based on the SEM-images of mature granular sludge in ABR, the research process on fractal characteristics of these granules was built. The treatment and fractal dimensions calculation of the images were carried on through Photoshop, Newscan and Fips programs. The results showed that the boxing-counting dimensions of the mature granular sludge were more than 1.85, and the granules formed in the third and fifth compartments were more compact. The boundaries of the same granular sludge were fractal with the fractal dimensions of approximate 1.1, demonstrating the irregularity of the boundaries or surface, furthermore the surface of these granules formed in the first and fifth compartments was more irregular. It seemed that the compass dimensions of the granules boundary were a proof of irregularity of their surface. Moreover, there existed two scale scopes incalculating the compass dimensions of each granule, especially some of them with a span of one order of magnitudes.The more compact of the granular sludge internal structure was demonstrated by its higher boxing-counting dimensions than outer surface, furthermore, the results of D3 calculated by area-gyration radius method strengthened it and showed the more irregularity and complexity of islands within granules. It seemed no rules were found among the fractal dimensions (D3) from Sandbox method. Less than 1.0 of the boundary dimensions (D4) by area-perimeter method could result from the inverse proportion between the perimeters and areas of many little islands in or on the granules.The constitution of the inlet nutrient content was glucose (1.36g/L) + NaHCC>3 (1.11 g/L) + trace element when the ABR was used to deal with direct fast light black G With the increase of the dye concentration, the removal rate of the dye ascended first and then decreased. The microorganism observed in the ABR changed. Many protozoans were found in the first, second, third compartment. More swimming beasties and least microorganisms were found in the fourth and fifth compartment. Granular sludge in the frontal compartments was divided greatly and few bubbles were found, which meant that with the increasing of dye load there was a tendency of homology in the microorganism of the front compartments and the granular configuration was still different.The great influence of HRT to the removal rate of the dye was found. With the increase of inlet flux, the average removal rate of the dye downtrend tended to descend and pH stabilized around 6.65. The removal rate of the dye was 89 percent when the inlet flux was 30ml/min. The mic更多还原