【作者】 林田苗；

【导师】 郑小贤；

【作者基本信息】 北京林业大学 ， 森林经理学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 林业正在经历由“生产型”向“生态型”转变的过程。如何减少采伐作业对生态环境的负面影响、如何规范采伐更新技术逐渐成为森林可持续经营技术研究的焦点。 本文以长白山东部过伐林区云冷林为研究对象,根据汪清林业局云冷杉林的经营实践,采用定性和定量相结合的研究方法,在进行更新评价、采伐作业对保留木、幼苗幼树、土壤、水分、植被等生态环境影响分析的基础上,总结提出了对环境影响较小的采伐、集材、清林、更新技术。得出的主要结论是:该地区云冷杉林适宜采用低强度(<30%)经营择伐、畜力原木集材、堆腐法清林、保留枯倒木、优先发展天然更新。整合研究成果和成熟的采伐作业技术,参照国际和国家的有关规程,提出了一套适合于长白山云冷杉林的生态采伐更新技术及其相关要求。其中,提出设置禁伐区和缓冲区、保护具有高保护价值的森林区域、开展作业环境影响评价,强调尽量减少对生态环境的破坏,提高森林资源的利用率;还对化学品和废弃物的使用和管理、作业人员的安全卫生、利益相关者的权益和文化、伐区作业检查(监测)与监督等做了明确的要求。总之,该技术体系体现了生态优先和以人为本的思想,具有科学性和可操作性。 按照生态采伐更新技术作业可以降低对环境的负面影响,长期维持云冷杉林生态系统的生产力,从而满足环境保护、经济产出、社会效益的多种要求,促进作业层次的森林可持续经营。本研究可以为长白山地区的云冷杉林经营以及东北天然林区主要森林类型的采伐作业提供借鉴和参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 The forestry is going through a course changed to "ecological mode" from "production mode". How to reduce negative impact on ecological environment, and how to regulate techniques of logging and regeneration are turned into a focus gradually.This paper took spruce-fir forests in over-logged forest region of Changbai Mountain as research object, adopted qualitative and quantitative research approaches, and then analysed environmental impact on regeneration, remained trees, soil, vegetation and so on caused by operations. According to the practice in Wangqing Forestry Bureau, the paper summed up reduced environmental impact techniques. The results were as follows: management selective cutting with low intensity(less than 30%), log skidding by animal, slash disposal with piles, keeping fallen and standing dead trees and natural regeneration. The paper combined research results with mature operation techniques, referred to international and national regulations ,and then proposed ecological logging and regeneration techniques and relevant requirements suitable for spruce-fir forests in Changbai Mountain. The paper put forward to set no cutting area and buffer area, protect forest region with high conversation value, develop environmental impact assessment during operation, emphasize to reduce breakage on environment and use forest resources well. The paper also made out some requirements on utilization and management of chemicals and rejected matters, safety and sanitation of workers, interests of stakeholders, monitoring and supervision on operations. In a word, this technique system contains the principles of ecology with priority and people first. And it is scientific and can be operated.The results indicated that according to ecological techniques, operations could reduce impact on environment, maintain the productivity of spruce-fir forests for a long time, consequently meet many requirements of environmental protection, economic output and social benefit and accelerate sustainable forest mangement at operation level finally.This research can be as reference for spruce-fir forests mangement in Changbai Mountain, and for operations of most forest types in natural forest region of Northeastern China.更多还原