【作者】 张学俭；

【导师】 冯仲科；

【作者基本信息】 北京林业大学 ， 森林经理， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 宁夏盐池县是我国典型农牧交错生态脆弱区,研究其土地利用/覆被变化过程、特点和驱动力,对我国干旱半干旱风沙区的生态恢复与重建具有重要的理论价值和实践指导意义。本文以盐池县1991年Landsat/TM影像数据和2000年Landsat/ETM影像数据为主要信息源,采用遥感(RS)和地理信息系统(GIS)相结合的技术方法,提取了盐池县1991～2000年十年间土地利用/覆被变化的空间位置、数量和类型,采取土地利用/覆被变化转移矩阵(Conversion Matrix)、土地利用/覆被动态变化度、土地利用程度、景观格局等数学模型,研究分析了盐池县1991～2000年土地利用/覆被的变化过程、特点和景观格局,揭示了导致土地利用/覆被变化的主要驱动力。研究结果表明:1991-2000年盐池县耕地面积净减少39,853hm~2,占土地总面积比重由24.09%降低到18.18%:林地和草地面积分别增加27,055 hm~2和13,251hm~2,占土地总面积比重分别由5.48%和66.64%提高到9.49%和66.60%;流动沙丘面积减少4659hm~2;但草原退化严重,中高盖度草场占土地总面积比重由51.21%下降到17.29%,而低盖度草场和极低盖度草场占地比重分别由4.09%和9.34%增加到36.40%和12.91%;生态环境局部有所好转,但整体继续恶化;土地利用整体处于不稳定调整期:三北防护林等生态工程的实施、降水少且时空分布不均以及不合理的人类活动和草畜产权矛盾是盐池县土地利用/覆被变化的主要驱动力。更多还原

【Abstract】 Yanchi County in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region is a typical farming pasture ecotonal area in China. To study the process, features and driving forces of LUCC in this area is theoretically and practically significant in rehabilitation of the eco-system in arid and semi-arid areas in China. Based on the integrated techniques of Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS), this paper applies Landsat/TM image in 1991 and Landsat/ETM image in 2000 to dynamically monitor LUCC of Yanchi County between 1991-2000. After extracting the location and quantities of land use/cover, land use/cover Conversion Matrix model, Dynamic Change Degree model, Utilization Degree model and landscape model were applied to analyze the process, features, trends and landscape pattern of LUCC in Yanchi County. The driving forces of LUCC were analyzed finally. The studying findings were: from 1991 to 2000, the farming land decreased by 39,853 hm2, the proportion accounting for total land areas decreased from 24.09% to 18.18%; the forest land and pasture increased by 27,055 hm2 and 13,251 hm2 respectively, the proportion increased from 5.48% and 66.64% to 9.49% and 66.60% respectively; and desert decreased by 4659 hm2; while pasture degraded considerably, the proportion of the high and medium-covered pasture accounting for total land areas decreased from 51.21% to 17.29%; by contrast, the proportion of the lower-covered and the lowest covered pasture increased from 4.09% and 9.34% to 36.40% and 12.91% respectively; the land use now is on the unstable and adjusting stage; the main driving forces of LUCC of Yanchi County are environmental rehabilitation projects, less and uneven rainfall, unreasonable human activities and self-contradiction land tenure polices.更多还原